Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and considered an important cause of blindness in the economically active people. After 20 years of illness, more than 90% of type 1 DM patients and 60% of those with type 2 will have some degree of retinopathy. The risk of blindness from DR can be reduced to <5% when the diagnosis is made in a timely manner and the treatment done correctly before irreversible changes can be established. The diagnosis of DR remains clinical in nature, and the gold standard for diagnosis is a dilated eye exam and serial fundus photos. Once retinopathy develops, early and regular treatment is crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
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Ferraz, D.A., Escarião, P. (2022). Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Bandeira, F., Gharib, H., Griz, L., Faria, M. (eds) Endocrinology and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90684-9_39
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90684-9_39
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