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Ultrasound Assessment of the Lung

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Cardiopulmonary Monitoring

Abstract

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a point-of-care modality that can be effectively used in diagnostic and monitoring roles for patients with respiratory signs and symptoms. When performed in an organized and protocol-based fashion, LUS is accurate, reproducible, and repeatable. Its routine use has been shown to have substantial diagnostic and therapeutic impact. However, because of the unique interactions between ultrasound waves and aerated lung tissue, only a thorough and systematic approach, focusing on correct indications, proper image acquisition, and careful understanding and interpretation of both artifacts and anatomical findings, allows accurate sonographic diagnosis and integration with clinical data. In this chapter, we describe the ultrasound findings of normally aerated and injured lungs, review current available evidence for the most common lung pathologies, and suggest an intuitive framework and cognitive aid for a structured diagnostic approach to LUS.

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Abbreviations

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

CT:

Computed tomography

CXR:

Chest radiography

HRCT:

High-resolution CT

ILDs:

Interstitial lung diseases

LUS:

Lung ultrasound

MHz:

Millions of cycles/sec

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Jean YiChun Lin, Gordon Tait and Massimiliano Meineri from the Toronto General Hospital Department of Anesthesia Perioperative Interactive Education (http://pie.med.utoronto.ca/index.htm) for the generous sharing of their educational material.

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  1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alberto Goffi

  2. Department of Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alberto Goffi

  3. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alberto Goffi

  4. Division of Emergency Medicine and High Dependency Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Emanuele Pivetta

  5. Cancer Epidemiology Unit and CRPT U, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Emanuele Pivetta

  6. Department of Anesthesia, Grand River Hospital and St. Mary’s General Hospital, Kitchener, ON, Canada

    Richelle Kruisselbrink

  7. Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Richelle Kruisselbrink

Authors
  1. Alberto Goffi
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  2. Emanuele Pivetta
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  3. Richelle Kruisselbrink
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alberto Goffi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Victoria Hospital (McGill University Health Centre), Departments of Critical Care and Physiology McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Sheldon Magder

  2. UC San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Atul Malhotra

  3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Kathryn A. Hibbert

  4. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Charles Corey Hardin

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Goffi, A., Pivetta, E., Kruisselbrink, R. (2021). Ultrasound Assessment of the Lung. In: Magder, S., Malhotra, A., Hibbert, K.A., Hardin, C.C. (eds) Cardiopulmonary Monitoring. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73387-2_34

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73387-2_34

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73387-2

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