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Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae/Compositae)

(Syns.: M. recutita L.; Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.; C. vulgaris Koch)

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Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants

Abstract

A plant native and naturalized in north India, Persia, West Asia, Australia, Germany, Hungary, France, Russia, Yugoslavia, and Brazil. Chamomile use dates back to centuries, it was known to ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, was mentioned by Hippocrates, Galen, and Asclepius; it exerts calming, carminative, and spasmolytic effects. Chamomile preparations are chiefly used for hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. Besides being used as a mild sedative and for digestion, chamomile essential oils are used extensively in perfumery, cosmetic creams, hair and skin preparations, and in aromatherapy. Persian writers opined that the odor of the flowers induces sleep and drives away noxious insects, and that bathing the genitals with chamomile tea has a powerful aphrodisiac effect. The disinfectant, antiseptic and powerful antiphlogistic action causes constriction of the dilated capillaries due to inflammation. The herb also reportedly doubles the amount of biliary secretions. Though, Hindu physicians or Sanskrit writers did not mention this plant in their Materia Medica, it is used in India in flatulent colic, dyspepsia, chlorosis, amenorrhea, and during convalescence from acute febrile and other diseases. More than 120 chemical constituents have been identified in chamomile flower as secondary metabolites, including 28 terpenoids and 36 flavonoids. Aqueous extract significantly decreased blood glucose and amylase activity and increased serum insulin levels of diabetic rats, and showed a synergistic effect with oregano. In an open-label, two-phase RCT, treatment with chamomile extract of U.S. patients with moderate to severe General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) for up to 8-weeks, clinically meaningful reduction in GAD symptoms with a response rate comparable to conventional anxiolytic drug therapy was observed. Treatment of three 14–16-year-old male psychiatric outpatients with baseline ADHD, improved their hyperactivity, inattention and immaturity factors while using chamomile tea.

Both Anthemis nobilis and Matricaria chamomilla are used as Chamomile and share the same vernacular names, though Ghauri et al. [23] established that the Babunah widely used in Unani medicine is Matricaria chamomilla .

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    Shahid Akbar

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Akbar, S. (2020). Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae/Compositae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_123

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