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SERCA2 regulates proinsulin processing and processing enzyme maturation in pancreatic beta cells
Aims/hypothesisIncreased circulating levels of incompletely processed insulin (i.e. proinsulin) are observed clinically in type 1 and type 2...
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Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived cells for fracture healing in long-term diabetic mice
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) causes bone dysfunction due to poor bone quality, leading to severe deterioration in patient of quality of life. The...
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Effects of fasting proinsulin/fasting insulin, proinsulin/insulin, vitamin D3, and waistline on diabetes prediction among the Chinese Han population
BackgroundFasting proinsulin/fasting insulin, proinsulin/insulin, vitamin D3, and waistline are each associated with the risk of diabetes. The aim of...
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Diabetes-Associated Mutations in Proinsulin Provide a “Molecular Rheostat” of Nascent Foldability
Purpose of ReviewDiabetes mellitus (DM) due to toxic misfolding of proinsulin variants provides a monogenic model of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...
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Simultaneous attenuation of hyperglycemic memory-induced retinal, pulmonary, and glomerular dysfunctions by proinsulin C-peptide in diabetes
BackgroundHyperglycemic memory (HGM) is a pivotal phenomenon in the development of diabetic complications. Although coincident diabetic complications...
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High proinsulin:C-peptide ratio identifies individuals with stage 2 type 1 diabetes at high risk for progression to clinical diagnosis and responses to teplizumab treatment
Aims/hypothesisTractable precision biomarkers to identify immunotherapy responders are lacking in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesised that...
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A comparison of glycemic parameters and their relationship with C-peptide and Proinsulin levels during partial remission and non-remission periods in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a cross-sectional study
BackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of data relating to glycemic parameters and their relationship with C-peptide (CP) and proinsulin (PI) during...
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Studies of insulin and proinsulin in pancreas and serum support the existence of aetiopathological endotypes of type 1 diabetes associated with age at diagnosis
Aims/hypothesisIt is unclear whether type 1 diabetes is a single disease or if endotypes exist. Our aim was to use a unique collection of pancreas...
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A secondary analysis of indices of hepatic and beta cell function following 12 weeks of carbohydrate and energy restriction vs. free-living control in adults with type 2 diabetes
BackgroundSubstantial weight loss in people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can reduce the need for glucose-lowering medications while concurrently...
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Why does the immune system destroy pancreatic β-cells but not α-cells in type 1 diabetes?
A perplexing feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that the immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells but not neighbouring α-cells, even though both...
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Proinsulin peptide promotes autoimmune diabetes in a novel HLA-DR3-DQ2-transgenic murine model of spontaneous disease
Aims/hypothesisThe molecular basis for the pathological impact of specific HLA molecules on autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes remains...
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The insulin secretory granule is a hotspot for autoantigen formation in type 1 diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed through the activity of autoreactive T cells. In addition to...
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Basal insulin ameliorates post-breakfast hyperglycemia via suppression of post-breakfast proinsulin/C-peptide ratio and fasting serum free fatty acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
BackgroundIn general, basal insulin targets fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, and prandial insulin targets postprandial glucose (PPG) levels....
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Maternal smoking, nutritional factors at different life stage, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of the UK Biobank
BackgroundThis study aims to investigate potential interactions between maternal smoking around birth (MSAB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)...
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Postloading insulinemia is independently associated with arterial stiffness in young Japanese persons
Associations of arterial stiffness with glucose, insulin, and proinsulin dynamics during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) remain under debate....
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Pilot Trial on the Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness
IntroductionThe amino acid 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the first heme biosynthetic precursor. The combination of 5-ALA with sodium ferrous...
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Robotic Enucleation of Pancreatic Head Insulinomas in Close Proximity to the Pancreatic Duct
BackgroundInsulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors for which the main curative treatment is surgical resection. Enucleation is preferred...
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IGF-2 mediated hypoglycemia and the paradox of an apparently benign lesion: a case report & review of the literature
BackgroundNon-islet cell tumour hypoglycemia (NICTH) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the most...
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The Impact of Different Insulin-Related Measures on the Risk of Prediabetes Among the Chinese Han Population
IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) has a serious impact on people’s lives in the world. Interventions that affect risk factors for prediabetes can...
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Induced pluripotent stem cell macrophages present antigen to proinsulin-specific T cell receptors from donor-matched islet-infiltrating T cells in type 1 diabetes
Aims/hypothesisType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterised by loss of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Progress in...
