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Soluble Frizzled-related proteins promote exosome-mediated Wnt re-secretion
Wnt proteins are thought to be transported in several ways in the extracellular space. For instance, they are known to be carried by exosomes and by...
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Interleukin-18-primed human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells achieve superior therapeutic efficacy for severe viral pneumonia via enhancing T-cell immunosuppression
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments are still urgently needed for critically and severely ill patients. Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal...
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Examination of Galectin-3 Recruitment into Multivesicular Bodies for Exosomal Secretion
Cells use unconventional secretion to deliver the β-galactoside binding lectin galectin-3 from the cell interior into the extracellular milieu. This...
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Folding of newly synthesised proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous compartment that can be found within any nucleated eukaryotic cell. Its job is to oversee the...
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High-throughput virtual screening of small-molecule inhibitors targeting immune cell checkpoints to discover new immunotherapeutics for human diseases
Immunotherapy is widely used to treat various cancers, and the drugs used are called immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors. Overexpression of immune...
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Role and relevance of fish cell lines in advanced in vitro research
IntroductionCell line derived from fish has been established as a promising tool for studying many key issues of aquaculture covering fish growth,...
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Isolation and genetic characterization of canine adenovirus type 2 from a domestic dog showing neurological symptoms
Canine adenoviruses (CAVs) are of two types: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and canine adenovirus type 2...
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Production of antiviral “OP7 chimera” defective interfering particles free of infectious virus
AbstractDefective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are suggested for use as broad-spectrum antivirals. We discovered a new...
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In Vitro Methods to Study the Golgi Apparatus Role in Proteoglycan and Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis
Subcellular fractionation is an introductory step in a variety of experimental approaches designed to study intracellular components, like membranes...
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Quantification of Apparent Membrane Tension and Membrane-to-Cortex Attachment in Animal Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Force Spectroscopy
Reliable quantification of a cell’s biophysical properties is key for understanding the role of mechanics in cell biology. Plasma membrane tension,...
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Graphene- and metal-induced energy transfer for single-molecule imaging and live-cell nanoscopy with (sub)-nanometer axial resolution
Super-resolution fluorescence imaging that surpasses the classical optical resolution limit is widely utilized for resolving the spatial organization...
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Pathogen-associated T follicular helper cell plasticity is critical in anti-viral immunity
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical in providing help for B cells in the germinal center reaction. Tfh cell plasticity, especially with...
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Presenilin1 inhibits glioblastoma cell invasiveness via promoting Sortilin cleavage
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and glioblastoma are the most common and devastating diseases in the neurology and neurosurgery departments,...
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Establishment of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers and Their Use in Calcium Switch Assay for Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Assembly
Intestinal barrier function relies primarily on the assembly and integrity of tight junctions, which forms a size-selective barrier. This barrier...
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Effects of valerate on intestinal barrier function in cultured Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers
BackgroundShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a group of microbial metabolites of undigested dietary fiber, protein and unabsorbed amino acids in the...
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Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus
AbstractNucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together...
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Selection and Maintenance of Cultured Cells
In the exploration of basic scientific and translational research concerns, cell culture is a very versatile technique. The uniformity of cell lines...
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Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of...
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Tight Junctions and Signaling Pathways in Cancer
Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular connections that close the gap between the individual cells and limit the paracellular entry of harmful...