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Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is the point in all chemical reactions at which there is no net change in the concentration of reactants or products. Chemical...
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Chemical Kinetics
The stoichiometric equation for a chemical reaction documents the mass and mole balancesMole balance of the reactants and products. It primarily...
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Influence of Different Heat Treatment Regimes on the Change of the Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Bee Honey
AbstractThe chemical composition and antibacterial activity of heather honey ( Calluna vulgaris ) subjected to heat treatment at 35–40°C for 12 h are...
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Kinetics study and thermal analysis of novel phase-change materials with scandium as chemical modifier
Kinetic studies and thermal stability become a crucial characteristic for switching in high-temperature regions in nanoscale phase-change materials,...
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Chemical Thermodynamics
This chapter on Chemical Thermodynamics starts with an introduction in Sect. 2.1, followed by the section on equations of state (Sect. 2.2) covering...
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Perspectives on Sustainable Processes in Chemical Engineering
In September 2015, the United Nations Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This Agenda calls for action by all...
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Chemical Reactions: Fundamentals
Physical processes, such as the dissolution of sugar in water, are not chemical reactions. Even if a “new” substance (here: sugar water) appears to...
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Chemical Kinetics
Chemical kinetics is the study and discussion of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of various variables, re-arrangement of...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable resource that has several potential end uses, such as chemicals, biofuels, and cutting-edge materials. The carbon dioxide...
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Classical and Chemical Thermodynamics
Why it is important to know this material? Chemical thermodynamics are the very foundation of thermodynamic phase equilibria, which play a central...
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Chemical Kinetics
Pesticides and herbicides that are used to enhance crop production on the world’s farms are the application focus for this chapter on the rates and...
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Modern Thermo-chemical Treatment
The importance of improving the functional properties of steel was understood in ancient Greece and intensively developed in the Middle Ages. The...
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Chemical Composition of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable biological material made from recently alive or living organisms such as plants and animals. Biomass can be utilized to make...
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Chemical Equilibrium
The affinity of a process has two contributions—an energetic contribution delta (H) and an entropic contribution delta (S). Temperature always...
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Chemical Warfare Agents
This chapter describes the chemical-physical and toxicological properties of chemical warfare agents (CWA). The classification into irritants,...
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Chemical Information and Molecular Similarity
Molecular structures are determinants of molecular properties including physicochemical properties, biological activities, and toxicities. The atom...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable resource that has several potential end uses, such as chemicals, biofuels, and cutting-edge materials. The carbon dioxide...
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Flexibility and Thermal Storage Properties of Polyurethane Adhesive Supported Phase Change Composites Based on Polyurethane Phase Change Materials
Polyurethane phase change materials (PUPCMs) have been extensively applied in smart textiles and wearable electronic devices because of their...
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Chemical Amplification Resists for Microlithography
This chapter describes polymers employed in formulation of chemically amplified resists for microlithography, which have become the workhorse in...
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Chemical Composition of Biomass
Biomass is a renewable biological material made from recently alive or living organisms such as plants and animals. Biomass can be utilized to make...