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Article
Open AccessTerrestrial versus aquatic source identification of sedimentary n-alkane and sugar biomarkers: a case study from the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Organic matter in sedimentary archives is abundantly used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and climate histories. Thereby, distinguishing between the terrestrial and aquatic origin of sedimentary organic matt...
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Article
Open AccessFactors determining the distribution of Erica patches on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
In the Bale Mountains, the ericaceous belt ranges between 3200 and 3800 m asl. Studies indicate an expansion on the Sanetti Plateau at the end of the Late Glacial and during the early Holocene. Currently, only...
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Article
Open AccessClimate, vegetation and fire history during the past 18,000 years, recorded in high altitude lacustrine sediments on the Sanetti Plateau, Bale Mountains (Ethiopia)
Low-altitude lakes in eastern Africa have long been investigated and have provided valuable information about the Late Quaternary paleohydrological evolution, such as the African Humid Period. However, records...
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Chapter
Introduction
The WRB is an international soil classification system. It is edited by the Working Group WRB of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS). The third edition 2014, update 2015, is the currently valid ver...
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Chapter
Subtropics with Year-Round Rain
The subtropics with year-round rain, also called ‘warm-temperate zone with year-round rain’, are dispersed over five continents, similar to the subtropics with winter rain. They are situated on the eastern sid...
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Chapter
Polar-Subpolar Zone (Tundra Zone)
The polar-subpolar zone comprises the cold deserts with a lot of frost debris, which are snow- and ice-free in summer, and, towards lower latitudes, the treeless tundra. In the Northern Hemisphere, its souther...
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Chapter
Subtropics with Winter Rain
The term ‘winter’ refers to the season with low solar altitude. The subtropics with winter rain, also called warm-temperate zone with winter rain, only comprise about 2.68 · 106 km2. They occur as five isolate...
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Chapter
Tropics with Year-Round Rain
The tropics with year-round rain surround the equator northward and southward, extending roughly to the Tropic of Cancer (23°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23°S). The largest contiguous areas are situated aro...
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Chapter
Ubiquitous Soils
This chapter does not provide information about location, climate and vegetation because the soils presented here occur in (almost) all ecozones.
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Chapter
Boreal Zone (Taiga Zone)
The boreal zone, also called taiga zone or cold-temperate zone, forms a broad belt of conifer forests, which is the biggest continuous forest ecosystem of the world and is restricted solely to the Northern Hem...
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Chapter
Dry Mid-Latitudes
In the Northern Hemisphere, the dry mid-latitudes, also called dry nemoral zone or dry cool-temperate zone, are situated in the continental centres of North America and Eurasia. In the Southern Hemisphere, the...
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Chapter
Tropics with Summer Rain
The term ‘summer’ refers to the season with high solar altitude. The tropics with summer rain represent the transition between the dry tropics and subtropics (deserts, semi-deserts) and the tropics with year-roun...
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Chapter
Mountain Regions
The high mountain ranges of the Earth are related to tectonic processes and many of them are found along former or recent plate boundaries. They are commonly linear, relatively narrow and may extend over conti...
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Chapter
Humid Mid-Latitudes
The humid mid-latitudes, also called humid nemoral zone or humid cool-temperate zone, have their greatest extension on the Northern Hemisphere. They are located southwards of the boreal zone and occupy the sea...
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Chapter
Dry Tropics and Subtropics
The dry tropics and subtropics mainly correlate with (horse latitudes) on both sides of the equator. At the west coasts of South America and southern Africa, this ecozone extends far towards the equator due ...
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Article
Open Accessδ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar biomarker proxies from leaves and topsoils of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, and implications for paleoclimate reconstructions
The hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf wax–derived n-alkane (δ2Hn-alkane) and oxygen isotopic composition of hemicellulose–derived sugar (δ18Osugar) biomarkers are valuable proxies for paleoclimate reconstruct...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Geology and Soils
The subject geology and soils is fundamental for tropical forest management. This chapter is divided into three logical parts: The first describes soil-forming factors and processes. The second provides the ex...
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Article
Soil microbial C and N turnover under Cupressus lusitanica and natural forests in southern Ethiopia assessed by decomposition of 13C- and 15 N-labelled litter under field conditions
Natural forests in Ethiopia are frequently replaced by Cupressus lusitanica plantations, but little is known about consequences of this land use change for soil C and N dynamics. The objectives of the study were:...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Geology and Soils
The subject geology and soils is fundamental for tropical forest management. This chapter is divided into three logical parts: The first describes soil-forming factors and processes. The second provides the ex...
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Article
A 16-ka δ18O record of lacustrine sugar biomarkers from the High Himalaya reflects Indian Summer Monsoon variability
We investigated a late glacial–Holocene lacustrine sediment archive located at 4,050 m a.s.l. in the small carbonate-free catchment of Lake Panch Pokhari, Helambu Himal, Nepal. A δ18O sugar biomarker record was e...
