The Good Life
An Introduction to Ethics
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Introduction
The understanding of ethics is determined by two considerations, a historical and a systematic one. On the one hand, ethics is to be understood as a philosophical discipline that was developed in classical Gre...
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X Between Ideology and Reason—On Political Ethics
Chapter ten discusses problems of a political ethic in the tension between ideology and reason. The beginning is formed by the considerations of Hannah Arendt, who, starting from the totalitarian movements of ...
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XII Ethics and Universal Human Rights
This chapter deals with the relationship of ethics to universal human rights. For a reason-oriented ethics, the freedom of the person and their intention to achieve a reasonable identity are of central importa...
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II Faith and Reason—Philosophical Theological Ethics
This chapter deals with the philosophically-theological ethics, which resulted from the merger of ancient and Christian thought and dominated in the Middle Ages. It is characterized by the fact that its conten...
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IV Practical Reason—The Ethics of Duty
This chapter deals with deontological ethics. Its origins are in Stoic ethics. In his work De officiis (On Duties), Cicero combines recommendations for individual conduct with political considerations. He resolve...
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VI Value Ethics
This chapter is about the ethics of value. If the term ‘value’ originally belonged to the thinking of economics, then the concept of a value philosophy became a central term of philosophy at the end of the nin...
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VIII Education and Cultural Training—Pedagogical Ethics
This chapter is dedicated to education and training from the perspective of pedagogical ethics. Because of humanity’s special position in nature, which is distinguished by the fact that it lacks natural instin...
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IX Concepts of Radical Moral Criticism
This chapter is dedicated to the concepts of a radical moral criticism. The beginning is made by the ancient Sophists, whose moral attitude is quite different. Some of them emphasize the equality of all people...
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XI Responsibility and Discourse Ethics
This chapter deals with the responsibility and the discourse ethics. The starting point is the sociologist Max Weber, who, with his distinction between ethics and responsibility ethic, the latter introduced in...
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I Ancient Ethics of Happiness
This chapter deals with ancient ethical luck. It is important to make it clear that the ancient concept of luck is not to be understood as a feeling—as is the modern one—but as a well-being in the comprehensiv...
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III The Moral Sense—Ethics and Metaethics
This chapter discusses ethical considerations that are at home in English thought. It is the concept of the moral sense. The basis of ethics is a moral feeling that is found in all people. It is developed by thin...
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V Happiness and Utility—Utilitarianism
The focus of this chapter is in Anglo-Saxon thought. It is about the approach of utilitarianism. The founder Jeremy Bentham, who builds on the ancient concept of the ethics of happiness, sees the principle of ...
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VII The Development of Morals—Genetic Concepts of Ethics
This chapter deals with genetic concepts of ethics, and this in two ways: on the one hand from an evolutionary and on the other from a developmental psychological perspective. Charles Darwin is exemplary for t...
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The Philosophical Dialogue. From Sophistic Rhetoric to Socratic Dialectic
The second half of the 5th century BC is dominated in Athens by the Sophists. They represent the principle of enlightenment, new education and increased political involvement of citizens. Socrates (470–399) sh...
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Einleitung
Der Mensch ist als Person für sein Handeln verantwortlich. Er antwortet in einem Spielraum der Freiheit auf die vielfältigen Herausforderungen von praktischen Situationen im sozialen Leben und in seiner natürl...
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II Gerechtigkeit und Menschenrechte
Im zweiten Kapitel werden Fragen der Gerechtigkeit und der Menschenrechte thematisiert. Oestreich weist darauf hin, dass die Diskussion der Menschenrechte zwar bereits in der Antike beginnt, diese aber eine Sa...
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IV Kritik der Gesellschaft
Thema des vierten Kapitels ist die Kritik der Gesellschaft. An ihrem Anfang steht Auguste Comte, der als erster für die Wissenschaft von der Gesellschaft den Namen Soziologie einführte. Nach dem mythologischen...
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Epilog: Freiheit und Verantwortung – Plädoyer für eine dialogische Vernunft
Im Epilog werden die Grundbegriffe einer praktischen Philosophie, zu der Freiheit und Verantwortung der Person gehören, in den Kontext einer dialogischen Vernunft gestellt. Sie hat ihren philosophiegeschichtli...
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VI Pädagogik der Selbstbestimmung
Im sechsten Kapitel werden Konzepte behandelt, die das Ziel der pädagogischen Begleitung und Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur Person und zur Selbstbestimmung haben. Rousseau hat in seinem Erziehungsr...
