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Cell Communication-mediated Nonself-Recognition and -Intolerance in Representative Species of the Animal Kingdom
Why has histo-incompatibility arisen in evolution and can cause self-intolerance? Compatible/incompatible reactions following natural contacts between genetically-different (allogeneic) colonies of marine orga...
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Book
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Chapter
Long Distance Wanderers and the Various Fates of the Neural Crest Cells
In the development of animals extensive cell migrations take place. This applies especially to vertebrate embryos. They are like cities full of tourists. In a translucent fish embryo migratory cells can be see...
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Chapter
Heart and Blood Vessels
The heart is the first organ to form and the cardiovascular system is the first functional system in the develo** embryo. Both the heart and the blood vessels develop from the mesoderm at the same time so th...
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Chapter
Immortality or Ageing and Death: What Is Nature’s Aim?
Fundamental concepts linking programmed death to the evolution of multicellularity were advanced as early as 1881 by August Weismann, a zoologist and pioneer of genetic theories designed to explain development...
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Chapter
Morphogenesis: Sha** by Active Cell Movement, Differential Cell Adhesion and Cell Death
As a result of cell division and cell differentiation a large variety of cells with different shapes and divergent molecular constitutions and makeup appear. These cells in turn create associations of cells se...
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Chapter
Controlling Signals, Signal Propagation and Signal Transduction
When thousands and billions of cells have to fulfil the task to collectively construct an organism with its complex tissues and organs a manifold of mutual agreements are necessary. Controlling cells, for exam...
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Chapter
Application-Oriented Experiments with Early Vertebrate Embryos: Cloning, Transgenic Animals
In this chapter experiments are introduced that originally were designed to answer scientific questions but subsequently turned out to be useful in stockbreeding, medicine, pharmaceutics, or biotechnology. Bas...
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Chapter
Stages and Principles of Animal Development: Terms of Developmental Biology
In humans and in animals where offspring are generated through sexual reproduction the development of a new individual must be prepared in the gonads of both parents. The gonads must produce the gametes in proces...
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Chapter
Model Organisms in Developmental Biology I: Invertebrates
The ability to understand developmental processes requires appropriate organisms. The field of genetics established the precedent of focussing research on a few reference or “model” organisms such as Drosophila o...
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Chapter
Growth Control and Cancer
Of all diseases, cancer is perhaps the most relevant to the study of developmental biology since it represents alterations in otherwise normal processes of growth. Growth is defined as increase in mass. Growth ca...
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Chapter
The Human
Naturally, our main interest is to learn how we ourselves have once developed. How could information of the development of a mouse, or even of a frog or fly, help to understand human development?
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Chapter
In Preparation for New Life II: Gametogenesis – The Development of Egg Cells and Sperm and Their Provision with Heritable Reserves
Frequently in embryo development cells which are not used to construct the soma ‐ the body of the new individual – are put aside and remain in stock as primordial germ cells. They are spared from constructing the...
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Chapter
Positional Information, Embryonic Induction and Pattern Formation by Cell-Cell-Communication
We have discussed in the previous Chap. 9 the problem of how cells can behave in accordance with their location in the whole embryo. Here they have to construct nerve tissue, ...
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Chapter
Development and Genes
Signals controlling development eventually turn on genes – or they turn genes off. In this chapter we are dealing with genes directing global events, and with genes paving the path to differentiation and execu...
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Chapter
Development and Reproduction: An Introduction
Development and reproduction are basic features of living beings. In the context of this book development means ontogeny, the development of an individual life, typically beginning with the fertilization of an eg...
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Chapter
The Nervous System and Central Sensory Organs
The human central nervous system is considered the most complex organ a living being has ever developed. As measured by its size it certainly is the most complex system in our field of experience. Based on wei...
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Chapter
Metamorphosis and Its Hormonal Control
Metamorphosis (Greek: transformation, change of form) refers to fundamental remodelling of the whole body, and is associated with a fundamental change in the mode of life. The new phenotype occupies ...
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Chapter
The Start: Fertilization, Activation of the Egg and a First Series of Cell Divisions (Cleavage)
Beginnings are often difficult to pinpoint, particularly in life cycles, for life is continuous. Life does not tolerate a break (at most a transitory standstill in a stage of quiescence). Life is a continuing ...
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Chapter
Stem Cells, Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine
When we think of regeneration we usually imagine the reconstruction of lost body parts. However, this is only one among several regenerative events that organisms perform. Re-generation means generation anew. In ...
