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Chapter and Conference Paper
Use of Hydrocyclone as an Efficient Tool for Cell Retention in Perfusion Cultures
A new specially designed hydrocyclone was successfully applied as cell separation system in 6-L and 30-L continuously perfused bioreactors. Cell concentration reached up to 10 million per mL and viability rema...
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Chapter
Induction Kinetics of Apoptosis in Mammalian Cell Cultures
The morphological and biochemical features of cell death in three production cell lines and one human carcinoma cell line were characterised in order to investigate the kinetics of apoptosis induction, apoptot...
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Article
Bacterial alginate: physiology, product quality and process aspects
Alginate, a copolymer of β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid and currently commercially produced from the marine brown algae, can also be biologically produced by bacteria such as Azotobacter vinelandii,
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Chapter
The Use of Hydrocyclones for Mammalian Cell Retention in Perfusion Bioreactors
A new type of hydrocyclone was designed and used in continuous mammalian cell cultivation processes. The apparatus gave cell separation efficiencies as high as 99%. Due to the fact that a 5-L-bioreactor was us...
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Chapter
Separation of Mammalian Cells Using a Specially Designed Rotating Disc Filter
Through continuous fresh nutrient supply and metabolite removal, combined with cell retendon in the bioreactor, perfusion cultures allow high cell concentrations and product titres to be achieved at relatively...
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Article
Effect of phosphate and oxygen concentrations on alginate production and stoichiometry of metabolism of Azotobacter vinelandii under microaerobic conditions
Alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii was studied in batch and continuous cultures under microaerobic conditions. In batch culture at a pO2 of 2–3% (air saturation) alginate production was enhanced by de...
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Article
Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) production by fermentation of glycerol was described in 1881 but little attention was paid to this microbial route for over a century. Glycerol conversion to 1,3-PD can be carried out...
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Article
Cultivation of Tetrahymena thermophila in a 1.5-m3 airlift bioreactor
A large-scale cultivation system for the mass cell production and extraction of the protozoon Tetrahymena thermophila has been developed on the basis of a low-cost complex nutrient medium. Cell growth and the pr...
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Article
Semisynthetic culture medium for growth and dihydroxyacetone production by Gluconobacter oxydans
Only three vitamins (pantothenate, p-amino benzoic acid, nicotinic acid) and two amino acids (serine, glutamine) were required in the growth medium for Gluconobacter oxydans which allowed the concentration of ...
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Article
Physiological characterization and cultivation strategies of the pentachlorophenol-degrading bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2 and Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1
The physiological characteristics of growth and pentachlorophenol degradation of the bacteria Sphingomonas chlorophenolica RA2 and Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1 were studied quantitatively in liquid cultur...
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Article
Fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol and ethanol under conditions of uncontrolled pH. Formation of 2,3-butanediol starts with some hours' delay and is accompanie...
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Article
Production of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium butyricum in continuous culture with cell recycling
The continuous fermentation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by Clostridium butyricum was subjected to cell recycling by filtration using hollow-fibre modules made from polysulphone. The performance of the cultu...
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Article
Influence of iron, phosphate and methyl viologen on glycerol fermentation of Clostridium butyricum
The effect of methyl viologen addition, and iron and phosphate limitation on product distribution during glycerol fermentation of Clostridium butyricum DSM 5431 was investigated in continuous culture. Special att...
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Article
Simultaneous production and decomposition of clavulanic acid during Streptomyces clavuligerus cultivations
Clavulanic acid (CA) was produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus in medium containing glycerol and soy meal or soy meal extract. With regard to growth and CA productivity, the microorganism showed significant diffe...
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Article
Evaluation of the biodegradability of copolyesters containing aromatic compounds by investigations of model oligomers
Model oligo esters of terephthalic acid with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol have been investigated with regard to their biodegradability in different biological environments. Well-characte...
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Article
Growth inhibition by ammonia and use of a pH-controlled feeding strategy for the effective cultivation of Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum
The inhibitory effect of ammonia on the growth of the polychlorinated xenobiotic-degrading bacterium Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum was examined. The strain is inhibited by both the ionized and nonionized forms o...
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Article
Cellulase-free xylanase by thermophilic fungi: a comparison of xylanase production by two Thermomyces lanuginosus strains
Thermomyces lanuginosus strains RT9 and MH4 were studied to find favourable cultivation conditions and to compare their abilities to produce xylanolytic enzymes in three media on different substrates at 50° C or...
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Article
Calculation of carbon balances for evaluation of the biodegradability of polymers
Establishing carbon balances has been proven to be an applicable and powerful tool in testing biodegradability of polymers. In controlled degradation tests at a 4-L scale with the model polymer poly(β-hydroxybuty...
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Article
Effects of substrate limitation on product distribution and H2/CO2 ratio inKlebsiella pneumoniae during anaerobic fermentation of glycerol
Product formation during anaerobic degradation of glycerol byKlebsiella pneumoniae DSM 2026, under glycerol limitation and glycerol excess in continugius cultures, has been investigated. Major and minor products ...
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Article
Interpretation of the gas residence time distributions in large stirred tank reactors
The behaviour of dispersed gas in large aerated stirred tank reactors is modelled by means of a Markov-process, which distinguishes between small recirculation bubbles with “stagnant gas” content, large rising...