18 Result(s)
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Volker Auwärter
Medical Law
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Article
Open AccessIntoxications involving methoxyacetylfentanyl and U-47700: a study of 3 polydrug fatalities
Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) represent an emerging group of novel psychoactive substances, acting as agonists at the opioid receptors. NSOs include fentanyl-related compounds, e.g. methoxyacetylfentanyl (MeA...
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Article
Open AccessDeath after smoking of fentanyl, 5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and other synthetic cannabinoids with a bucket bong
We report a case of a polydrug user who consumed various synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyl from a transdermal patch via a bucket bong. Toxicological results from postmortem matrices with special focus on syn...
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Article
Open Access“Spice”-related deaths in and around Munich, Germany: A retrospective look at the role of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in our post-mortem cases over a seven-year period (2014–2020)
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs, “Spice”) are a diverse group of recreational drugs, with their structural and pharmacological variability still evolving. Forensic toxicologists often rely on p...
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Open AccessA case of fatal multidrug intoxication involving flualprazolam: distribution in body fluids and solid tissues
Designer benzodiazepines (DBZDs) increasingly emerged on the novel psychoactive substance (NPS) market in the last few years. They are usually sold as readily available alternatives to prescription benzodiazep...
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Article
Open AccessFour cases of death involving the novel synthetic cannabinoid 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE
Cumyl-PEGACLONE was the first synthetic cannabinoid (SC) with a γ-carbolinone core structure detected in forensic casework and, since then, it has dominated the German SC-market. Here the first four cases of d...
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Article
Metabolism of the benzodiazepines norflurazepam, flurazepam, fludiazepam and cinolazepam by human hepatocytes using high-resolution mass spectrometry and distinguishing their intake in authentic urine samples
Norflurazepam, also a metabolite of other prescription benzodiazepines, appeared on the new psychoactive substances (NPS) drug market recently, complicating the interpretation of NPS findings. The aims of the ...
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Article
Phase I metabolic profiling of the synthetic cannabinoids THJ-018 and THJ-2201 in human urine in comparison to human liver microsome and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme incubation
Despite the increasing relevance of synthetic cannabinoids as one of the most important classes within “New Psychoactive Substances”, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning their metabolism in humans. D...
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Structure-metabolism relationships of valine and tert-leucine-derived synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists: a systematic comparison of the in vitro phase I metabolism using pooled human liver microsomes and high-resolution mass spectrometry
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, commonly referred to as ‘synthetic cannabinoids’ (SCs), gained popularity as recreational drugs due to their cannabis-like effects. The subclass of valine or tert-leucine-...
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Article
Open Access5F-Cumyl-PINACA in ‘e-liquids’ for electronic cigarettes: comprehensive characterization of a new type of synthetic cannabinoid in a trendy product including investigations on the in vitro and in vivo phase I metabolism of 5F-Cumyl-PINACA and its non-fluorinated analog Cumyl-PINACA
In recent years e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes have become an attractive alternative to smoking tobacco. A new trend is the use of e-liquids containing synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) instead of smoking ...
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Open AccessHuman phase I metabolism of the novel synthetic cannabinoid 5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE
5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE is a recently emerged γ-carbolinone derived synthetic cannabinoid. The present study aimed to identify phase I metabolites to reliably prove consumption of the substance by urine analysis and t...
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Article
Detection of the ethanol consumption markers ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine samples from inmates of two German prisons
Abstinence from ethanol is necessary in various situations. Among these are jail terms. Nevertheless, it is a matter of fact that ethanol is illegally produced and ingested in prisons. So far, data regarding d...
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Characterization of the four designer benzodiazepines clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, flubromazolam, and meclonazepam, and identification of their in vitro metabolites
In 2012, the first designer benzodiazepines were offered in Internet shops as an alternative to prescription-only benzodiazepines. Soon after these compounds were scheduled in different countries, new substanc...
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Article
Hair analysis of synthetic cannabinoids: does the handling of herbal mixtures affect the analyst’s hair concentration?
When narcotics police officers or other persons handling drug materials at work are suspected of consuming drugs, hair analysis may be useful to prove or refute such suspicion. However, it is known for many dr...
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Article
Hair analysis for JWH-018, JWH-122, and JWH-210 after passive in vivo exposure to synthetic cannabinoid smoke
Hair analysis is often used to confirm abstinence from drug use. However, interpretation of hair analysis results can be challenging, particularly with regard to smoked substances like synthetic cannabinoids, ...
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Article
Inhomogeneities in herbal mixtures: a serious risk for consumers
The most frequent form of consumption of cannabinoid receptor agonists (CRAs), often referred to as synthetic cannabinoids, is smoking of herbal mixtures often obtained via the Internet. However, because the p...
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Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series
Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists—so-called “Spice” products—became very popular during the last few years. Several reports on clinical symptoms and poisonings were published. Unfortu...
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Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine pyrazolam and its detectability in human serum and urine
In 2012, online shops selling so-called research chemicals started offering pyrazolam, a new benzodiazepine that differs from phenazepam and etizolam, which have also recently appeared on the “gray market”, in...
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Identification of the cannabimimetic AM-1220 and its azepane isomer (N-methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole in a research chemical and several herbal mixtures
Recently, a large number of synthetic cannabinoids have been identified in herbal mixtures. Moreover, an even higher number of cannabimimetic compounds are currently distributed as research chemicals on a gram...
