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Open AccessA(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics elicited durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases
Human cases of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections are associated with an age-specific disease burden. As the influenza virus N2 neuraminidase (NA) gene was introduced from avian sources during the 1957 pan...
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Article
The episodic resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 virus
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021, increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in mammals1–3. However, the ecol...
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Article
Open AccessResurgence of Omicron BA.2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive Hong Kong
Hong Kong experienced a surge of Omicron BA.2 infections in early 2022, resulting in one of the highest per-capita death rates of COVID-19. The outbreak occurred in a dense population with low immunity towards...
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Article
Open AccessOff-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and travel restrictions for ...
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Open AccessHuman seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination
Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, high levels of morbidity, and substantial economic loss. Yet, global influenza circulation has been heavily suppressed by public he...
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Open AccessGenomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 under an elimination strategy in Hong Kong
Hong Kong employed a strategy of intermittent public health and social measures alongside increasingly stringent travel regulations to eliminate domestic SARS-CoV-2 transmission. By analyzing 1899 genome seque...
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Open AccessLineage-specific protection and immune imprinting shape the age distributions of influenza B cases
How a history of influenza virus infections contributes to protection is not fully understood, but such protection might explain the contrasting age distributions of cases of the two lineages of influenza B, B...
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Article
A Phylogenetic Evaluation of Whether Endophytes Become Saprotrophs at Host Senescence
Fungal endophytes and saprotrophs generally play an important ecological role within plant tissues and dead plant material. Several reports based solely on morphological observations have postulated that there...