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Article
Open AccessDevelopment of a 1:1-binding biparatopic anti-TNFR2 antagonist by reducing signaling activity through epitope selection
Conventional bivalent antibodies against cell surface receptors often initiate unwanted signal transduction by crosslinking two antigen molecules. Biparatopic antibodies (BpAbs) bind to two different epitopes ...
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Protocol
Purification and CryoEM Image Analysis of the Bacterial Flagellar Filament
The bacterial flagellum is a large assembly of about 30 different proteins and is divided into three parts: the filament that acts as a screw propeller, the hook as a universal joint, and the basal body as a r...
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Article
Open AccessStructure of the molecular bushing of the bacterial flagellar motor
The basal body of the bacterial flagellum is a rotary motor that consists of several rings (C, MS and LP) and a rod. The LP ring acts as a bushing supporting the distal rod for its rapid and stable rotation wi...
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Article
Open AccessNative flagellar MS ring is formed by 34 subunits with 23-fold and 11-fold subsymmetries
The bacterial flagellar MS ring is a transmembrane complex acting as the core of the flagellar motor and template for flagellar assembly. The C ring attached to the MS ring is involved in torque generation and...
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Article
Open AccessStructure of the native supercoiled flagellar hook as a universal joint
The Bacterial flagellar hook is a short supercoiled tubular structure made from a helical assembly of the hook protein FlgE. The hook acts as a universal joint that connects the flagellar basal body and filame...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Electron Microscopy of Motor Structure and Possible Mechanisms
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Article
Open AccessStraight and rigid flagellar hook made by insertion of the FlgG specific sequence into FlgE
The bacterial flagellar hook connects the helical flagellar filament to the rotary motor at its base. Bending flexibility of the hook allows the helical filaments to form a bundle behind the cell body to produ...
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Article
Open AccessIdentical folds used for distinct mechanical functions of the bacterial flagellar rod and hook
The bacterial flagellum is a motile organelle driven by a rotary motor, and its axial portions function as a drive shaft (rod), a universal joint (hook) and a helical propeller (filament). The rod and hook are...
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Protocol
Bisulfite Sequencing for DNA Methylation Analysis of Primary Muscle Stem Cells
In skeletal muscle, DNA methylation contributes to the suppression of gene expression in several biological processes and diseases. A protocol for the detection of methylated cytosine was thus established base...
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Article
A case of gastric carcinosarcoma with distant metastasis for which chemotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin was transiently effective
Gastric carcinosarcoma is a very rare tumor for which there is no standard regimen of chemotherapy. We report a case of a 61-year-old woman having gastric carcinosarcoma with liver and lymph node metastases. S...
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Article
Open AccessCommon and distinct structural features of Salmonella injectisome and flagellar basal body
Bacterial pathogens use an injectisome to deliver virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. The bacterial flagellum and injectisome export their component proteins for self-assembly. These two systems sho...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Electron Microscopy of Motor Structure and Possible Mechanisms
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Article
Common architecture of the flagellar type III protein export apparatus and F- and V-type ATPases
FliJ interacts with many flagellar proteins involved in protein export, but its function was unclear. Now the crystal structure of FliJ shows it is a homolog of the F1-ATPase γ-subunit. Binding of FliI to FliJ...
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Article
Time spatial labeling inversion pulse cerebral MR angiography without subtraction by use of dual inversion recovery background suppression
Time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (time-SLIP), which is a technique of nonenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) based on arterial spin labeling (ASL), is used in various situations. Although subtra...
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Article
Neuroendocrine tumor in the breast
A 34-year-old woman with a past history of a carcinoid tumor in the right ovary presented with a right breast mass found on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest. She was asymptomatic, and he...
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Article
The clamp-loading complex for processive DNA replication
DNA polymerase requires two processing factors, sliding clamps and clamp loaders, to direct rapid and accurate duplication of genomic DNA. In eukaryotes, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the ring-sha...
