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Article
Open AccessAssessing signals of selection and historical demography to develop conservation strategies in the Chilean emblematic Araucaria araucana
Loss of genetic diversity reduces the ability of species to evolve and respond to environmental change. Araucaria araucana is an emblematic conifer species from southern South America, with important ethnic value...
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The Island Setting
The Juan Fernández archipelago lies in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, west of continental Chile at 33°S latitude. There are three major islands: Robinson Crusoe Island, 667 km from the mainland; Santa Clara I...
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Vegetational Patterns
In the past two decades, Josef Greimler from Vienna and collaborators from Concepción, Chile, have produced modern vegetation maps of all three islands. The plant associations on Alejandro Selkirk Island are d...
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Natural Factors
Natural disturbances result in landscape modifications during ontogeny of oceanic islands. As an island subsides and erodes over millions of years, the original size and shape of the island is modified and eve...
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Existing Conservation Efforts
The present vascular flora is in a fragile condition. Estimates of the conservation status of native and endemic species indicate that 4/5 of the flora is regarded as vulnerable to critically endangered. From ...
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Introduction
History deals with the examination, documentation, and interpretation of events over time. Much of biology is historical, including metabolic processes and reproduction which yield structures and organismic pa...
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The Importance of the Islands
The Juan Fernández Archipelago has an important political significance for Chile. Its position, combined with that of Easter Island, provides the country a strategic area in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The isla...
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Introduced Species
More than one-half (267) of the taxa in the Juan Fernández Archipelago consists of weedy plants from Europe (61%), America (excluding Chile, 22%), Chile (11.4%), Africa (2.9%), Australia/New Zealand (2.3%) and...
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Discovery and Early Exploration (1574–1749)
There never were indigenous peoples in the Juan Fernández Archipelago; prior to its discovery by Europeans in 1574, all changes resulted from natural causes. Documentation of visits by numerous explorers provi...
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Early Botanical Period (1820–1875)
Mary Graham was a well-educated English traveler who visited Robinson Crusoe Island for two days in 1823, during which time she made plant collections. David Douglas, sponsored by the Horticultural Society of ...
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Skottsberg (1907–1917)
The Swedish botanist, Carl Skottsberg, made three expeditions to the Juan Fernández Archipelago: eight days in 1907–1908; five months in 1916–1917; and three months in 1954–1955 (at age 74). The first trip so ...
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Modern Period (1960–Present)
The modern period included the U.S.-Chile botanical expedition of 1965, the 12 expeditions from 1980–2011 led by personnel from Ohio State University, the University of Vienna, and the Universidad de Concepció...
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Human Influences
Development of San Juan Bautista on Robinson Crusoe Island led to considerable modification of the vegetation. This has been the center of economic development utilizing forest and marine resources as well as ...
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Recommendations for the Future
Some personal recommendations for conservation in the archipelago are offered. Many needs have already been achieved, such as permits for research and collecting activities and better control of domesticated a...
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Native and Endemic Flora
Inventories of the vascular flora of the Juan Fernández Archipelago began with reports by Bertero, Philippi and Hemsley in the nineteenth century and have continued to the present day. The recent totals are 13...
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Colonial Period (1750–1819)
The constant harassment of Spanish ship** and coastal communities led Spain in 1750 to build Fort Santa Bárbara in the village of San Juan Bautista on Robinson Crusoe Island. A colony of 100–200 people was e...
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Floristic Period (1876–1906)
The Challenger expedition was a major scientific undertaking that lasted from 1872 to 1876, stop** on Robinson Crusoe Island from 13–15 November 1875. The botanist, Henry Moseley, collected 105 different specie...
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Touristic Period (1918–1959)
Between Skottsberg’s second and third expeditions to the Juan Fernández Archipelago, other visitors arrived. World War I caused no direct impact on the islands, because Chile was neutral, but the German cruiser,
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Article
Open AccessCorrection to: Factors driving adaptive radiation in plants of oceanic islands: a case study from the Juan Fernández Archipelago
The article Factors driving adaptive radiation in plants of oceanic islands: a case study from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, written by Koji Takayama, Daniel J. Crawford, Patricio López‑Sepúlveda, Josef Grei...
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Article
Open AccessFactors driving adaptive radiation in plants of oceanic islands: a case study from the Juan Fernández Archipelago
Adaptive radiation is a common evolutionary phenomenon in oceanic islands. From one successful immigrant population, dispersal into different island environments and directional selection can rapidly yield a s...
