-
Article
Open AccessSeeing the Trees Without the Forest: What and How can Agroforestry and Urban Forestry Learn from Each Other?
Agroforestry and urban forestry have evolved mainly as separate disciplines, although they share a long history of tree cultivation in man-made environments. Here, we review their common threads, exploring how...
-
Article
Open AccessLimitations of estimating branch volume from terrestrial laser scanning
Quantitative structural models (QSMs) are frequently used to simplify single tree point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). QSMs use geometric primitives to derive topological and volumetric i...
-
Article
Open AccessAssessment of biomass and carbon storage of a Populus simonii windbreak located in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
The integration of trees within agricultural systems delivers the opportunity to provide multiple benefits over those afforded by agriculture without trees. The use of windbreaks as a form of agroforestry, in ...
-
Chapter
The Need for Sustainable Agricultural Land-Use Systems: Benefits from Integrated Agroforestry Systems
This chapter introduces the different agroforestry systems (AFSs) as part of the diversification of agricultural landscapes and gives examples of their use in different related crop production systems in south...
-
Article
Open AccessForestry in the Face of Global Change: Results of a Global Survey of Professionals
Forests support most global terrestrial biodiversity and contribute to the livelihood of billions of people, but these and other benefits are in jeopardy due to global change. This leads to questions, such as ...
-
Article
Open AccessIn a nutshell: exploring single tree parameters and above-ground carbon sequestration potential of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in agroforestry systems
Although agroforestry systems (AFS) provide numerous ecosystem services and are a recognized strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation, knowledge on the woody component is lacking. Single tree data...
-
Article
Open AccessAllometric models for above-ground biomass, carbon and nutrient content of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees in agroforestry systems
We provide a set of allometric models for wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) established in agroforestry systems. A total of 70 trees in southwestern Germany were surveyed using terrestrial laser scanning and an...
-
Article
Open AccessClimate and soil effects on tree species diversity and aboveground carbon patterns in semi-arid tree savannas
Climatic and edaphic effects are increasingly being discussed in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning. Here we use data from West African semi-arid tree savannas and contrasting climatic condition...
-
Chapter
Time-dependent and Time-independent Models of Cyclic Plasticity for Low-cycle and Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Assessment
In this work, time-independent and time-dependent plasticity models are presented that are well suited for the calculation of stresses and strains with the finite-element method to assess the low-cycle and the...
-
Article
A Review of Progress and Applications in Wood Quality Modelling
Producing wood of the right quality is an important part of forest management. In the same way that forest growth models are valuable decision support tools for producing desired yields, models that predict wo...
-
Article
Open AccessVirtual pruning of 3D trees as a tool for managing shading effects in agroforestry systems
Light is a limiting resource for crops within integrated land use systems especially those including woody perennials. The amount of available light at ground level can be modified by artificially pruning the ...
-
Article
Open AccessFibre directions at a branch-stem junction in Norway spruce: a microscale investigation using X-ray computed tomography
The connection between branch and trunk in a tree must be strong enough to transfer all loads acting on the branch, and it is well known that such branch-stem connections are indeed very strong. In this paper,...
-
Article
Open AccessPlasticity of seasonal xylem and phloem production of Norway spruce along an elevational gradient
Phloem cell production was less influenced by environmental factors than xylem cell production. The moment of maximum number of conducting phloem cells occurred at the end of the growing season.
-
Article
Not all Neoproterozoic iron formations are glaciogenic: Sturtian-aged non-Rapitan exhalative iron formations from the Arabian–Nubian Shield
Neoproterozoic iron formations are exposed in the Wadi Hamama area (Egypt) in the northwestern part of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Mafic and felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of an intra-oceanic island-a...
-
Article
Trace element geochemistry of sphalerite in contrasting hydrothermal fluid systems of the Freiberg district, Germany: insights from LA-ICP-MS analysis, near-infrared light microthermometry of sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions, and sulfur isotope geochemistry
The historic silver mining district of Freiberg (Germany) comprises hydrothermal vein-style mineralization of Permian and Cretaceous age. We compare sphalerite compositions with associated ore-forming fluids a...
-
Article
Age and genesis of polymetallic veins in the Freiberg district, Erzgebirge, Germany: constraints from radiogenic isotopes
The Freiberg mining district in the Erzgebirge hosts three principal types of polymetallic veins. These are (1) the quartz-bearing polymetallic sulfide type, (2) the carbonate-bearing polymetallic sulfide type...
-
Article
Indium-bearing sulfides from the Hämmerlein skarn deposit, Erzgebirge, Germany: evidence for late-stage diffusion of indium into sphalerite
At the Hämmerlein skarn deposit, located in the western Erzgebirge (Germany), a major cassiterite-dominated Sn mineralization stage is spatially associated with a younger Zn-Cu-In sulfide mineralization stage....
-
Chapter
Geochemistry of LCT Pegmatites
The whole rock main and trace element geochemical data of the pegmatites is used to decipher the processes which led to the enormous Cs enrichment in the massive pollucite mineralisation. The geochemical study...
-
Chapter
Radiogenic and Stable Isotopes, Fluid Inclusions
Samarium and Nd isotope data are used to provide information on the source of melts, as well as to determine the age of the rocks. Several samples yield extreme high 147Sm/144Nd ratios of >0.3, indicating extreme...
-
Chapter
Geochronology of Archean LCT Pegmatites
The knowledge of the age of an LCT pegmatite mineralisation is one of the key exploration criteria as most of the major LCT pegmatite systems (e.g., Tanco, Greenbushes, Bikita, Wodgina) were formed in relative...
