-
Article
Open AccessYersinia pestis genomes reveal plague in Britain 4000 years ago
Extinct lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague, have been identified in several individuals from Eurasia between 5000 and 2500 years before present (BP). One of these, termed the ‘LNBA lin...
-
Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale (AAMS)
The Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale (AAMS; Droutman, Golub, Oganesyan, and Read, Personality and Individual Differences 123:34–43, 2018) was developed to provide a multifaceted measure of mindfulness that ...
-
Article
Open AccessSwyneshed, Aristotle and the Rule of Contradictory Pairs
Roger Swyneshed, in his treatise on insolubles (logical paradoxes), dating from the early 1330s, drew three notorious corollaries from his solution. The third states that there is a contradictory pair of propo...
-
Chapter
Denotation, Paradox and Multiple Meanings
In line with the Principle of Uniform Solution, Graham Priest has challenged advocates like myself of the “multiple-meanings” solution to the paradoxes of truth and knowledge, due to the medieval logician Thom...
-
Article
Open AccessGeneral-Elimination Stability
General-elimination harmony articulates Gentzen’s idea that the elimination-rules are justified if they infer from an assertion no more than can already be inferred from the grounds for making it. Dummett desc...
-
Chapter
Peter d’Ailly
Peter of Ailly was another member of the tradition starting with Ockham Buridan heavily influenced Peter as well, particularly in his writings on logic and language. His works became very influential in the ea...
-
Article
Paradox, Closure and Indirect Speech Reports
Bradwardine’s solution to the the logical paradoxes depends on the idea that every sentence signifies many things, and its truth depends on things’ being wholly as it signifies. This idea is underpinned by his...
-
Chapter
John Buridan on Non-contingency Syllogisms
Whereas most of his predecessors attempted to make sense of, and if necessary correct, Aristotle’s theory of the modal syllogism, John Buridan starts afresh in his Treatise on Consequences, treating separately of...
-
Chapter
Truth, Signification and Paradox
Thomas Bradwardine’s solution to the semantic paradoxes, presented in his Insolubilia written in Oxford in the early 1320s, turns on two main principles: that a proposition is true only if things are wholly as it...
-
Chapter
General-Elimination Harmony and Higher-Level Rules
Michael Dummett introduced the notion of harmony in response to Arthur Prior’s tonkish attack on the idea of proof-theoretic justification of logical laws (or analytic validity). But Dummett vacillated between...
-
Chapter
Rethinking Social Relations: Towards a Different Phenomenology of Places
So-called phenomenological approaches to the understanding of social and spatial relations usually deal with these in terms of ‘mental space’, ‘existential space’, ‘social space’ and so on. These modes of spac...
-
Article
Technology as In-Between
This commentary on Søren Riis’s paper “Dwelling in-between walls” starts from a position of solidarity with its attempt to build a postphenomenological perspective on architecture and the built environment. It...
-
Article
The medieval theory of consequence
The recovery of Aristotle’s logic during the twelfth century was a great stimulus to medieval thinkers. Among their own theories developed to explain Aristotle’s theories of valid and invalid reasoning was a t...
-
Chapter
John Buridan’s Theory of Consequence and His Octagons of Opposition
One of the manuscripts of Buridan’s Summulae contains three figures, each in the form of an octagon. At each node of each octagon there are nine propositions. Buridan uses the figures to illustrate his doctrine o...
-
Chapter
Necessary Truth and Proof
What makes necessary truths true? I argue that all truth supervenes on how things are, and that necessary truths are no exception. What makes them true are proofs. But if so, the notion of proof needs to be ge...
-
Chapter
Meaning and Material: Phenomenology, Complexity, Science and ‘Adjacent Possible’ Cities
For most people, even today, phenomenology stands squarely on the human science side of a ‘two worlds’ divide between human science and physical science that has dominated the understanding of the sciences thr...
-
Article
General-Elimination Harmony and the Meaning of the Logical Constants
Inferentialism claims that expressions are meaningful by virtue of rules governing their use. In particular, logical expressions are autonomous if given meaning by their introduction-rules, rules specifying th...
-
Article
Plural signification and the Liar paradox
In recent years, speech-act theory has mooted the possibility that one utterance can signify a number of different things. This pluralist conception of signification lies at the heart of Thomas Bradwardine’s s...
-
Chapter
The Truth Schema and the Liar
Since Tarski published his study of the concept of truth in the 1930s, it has been orthodox practice to suppose that every instance of the T-schema is true. However, some instances of the schema are false. The...
-
Chapter
Further Thoughts on Tarski's T-scheme and the Liar
In ‘The Truth Schema and the Liar’, I criticised Tarski's formulation of the T-schema and proposed a revised truth-condition which promises to solve the semantic paradoxes by rendering them all false. I have l...
