Our Land, Our Oil!
Natural Resources, Local Nationalism, and Violent Secession
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Natural resources and the question of ethnic nationalisms
It seems that the definitive question pertaining to the management of oil and gas revenue, as well as that of any natural resource, concerns the containment of secessionist attempts and of any violent demonstr...
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Introduction
Oil and gas related civil conflicts are among the most deadly, enduring and pernicious cases of unrest that may affect develo** countries. Through the presence of natural resources, some producing regions sh...
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Three Provocative Considerations
In 2009, after twenty-six years of fighting, the Sri Lankan government defeated the ethnic insurgency of the Tamil Tigers.
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Conclusion
Ultimately, oil civil conflicts are not about oil. There can be no secession attempts based on natural resources, but only secession attempts based on local nationalism and desire for autonomy.
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The case for “Local Oil Nationalism”
Violent secessionist movements are statistically much more likely to be formed if the country has valuable natural resources, with oil being especially dangerous. Examples include Aceh (Indonesia), Biafra (Nig...
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Bolivia and Sudan: a perfect split
Both Bolivia and Sudan are characterized by a division in the ethnic patterns of the population: citizens can be generally grouped into two large ethnicities, which differ in terms of culture, religion, langua...
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China and Iran: the risk for peripheral producing enclaves
The elements of structural similarity between Iran and China concern the relationship that the main ethnicity has with the producing territory, which is relatively small, and is inhabited by a population whose...
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From peace to conflict (and back)
In the previous section we reviewed how conditions of economic distress may lead to civil conflict. In particular, dissatisfaction, greed, income differences, and poverty, motivate people to revolt, since the ...
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Indonesia & Malaysia: islands, ethnicities, oil
Located in the same geographical quadrant of South-East Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia experienced similar paths in history, as they both underwent a long period of colonial subjugation by European powers: by th...
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Angola and Nigeria: tribal fragmentation in Sub-Saharan Africa
As we have seen in the previous case studies, the element of ethnic fragmentation is pivotal in determining the risk of resource-related rebellion.
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Article
Transiting extrasolar planetary candidates in the Galactic bulge
More than 200 extrasolar planets have been discovered around relatively nearby stars, primarily through the Doppler line shifts owing to reflex motions of their host stars, and more recently through transits o...
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Article
Gravitational microlensing by low-mass objects in the globular cluster M22
Gravitational microlensing offers a means of determining directly the masses of objects ranging from planets to stars, provided that the distances and motions of the lenses and sources can be determined1,2. A glo...
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Systematic Properties of Rotation Curves and Dark Matter
All galaxies for which extended rotation curves are available contain a significant amount of dark matter. The luminous matter is probably self-gravitating in the inner parts of the galaxy, while dark matter d...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Relaxation in Small N-Body Systems
We describe a means of determining the relaxation time of a stellar system directly from N-body simulations. The method is based on the assumption that the motion (in phase space) of a typical star can be well...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Dynamical Friction and Orbit Circularization
We study the change in shape of the orbit of a satellite sinking (because of dynamical friction) towards the center of a larger galaxy. The galaxy is assumed spherically symmetric with distribution function ei...
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A Statistical Treatment of Low-N Systems
The long-term evolution of N-body systems with high N (>104) cannot yet be studied by direct integration of the equations of motion. Instead, the study of systems with smaller N can give insight into the higher N...
