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Article
An improved in vitro photochemical internalization protocol for 3D spheroid cultures
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a modified form of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that enhances the efficacy of therapeutic agents in a site and temporal specific manner in both in vitro and in vivo publica...
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Article
Cell Mediated Photothermal Therapy of Brain Tumors
Gold based nanoparticles with strong near infra-red (NIR) absorption are ideally suited for photothermal therapy (PTT) of brain tumors. The goal of PTT is to induce rapid heating in tumor tissues while minimiz...
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Article
Nanoparticle-loaded macrophage-mediated photothermal therapy: potential for glioma treatment
Gold-based nanoparticles have been used in a number of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of gold–silica nanoshells (AuNS) in photothermal therap...
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Article
Through-skull brain imaging
The use of carbon nanotubes makes it possible to perform fluorescent imaging of cerebral vasculature of mice through their intact skulls. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the non-invasive technique ...
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Article
Increased sensitivity of glioma cells to 5-fluorocytosine following photo-chemical internalization enhanced nonviral transfection of the cytosine deaminase suicide gene
Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the outcomes of patients with GBM have not significantly improved. Tumor recurrence in the resection margins occurs in more than 80 % of cases indica...
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Book
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Chapter
Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy of Brain Tumors
Nanoparticles (10–1,000 nm diameter) have been investigated for use in numerous diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Gold nanoparticles are particularly appealing due to their biological inertness and the ...
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Chapter
Optical Properties of Brain Tissue
Accurate assessment of light distributions in the brain is vital for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This, in turn, requires knowledge of the optical properties of brain tissues. The optical prop...
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Chapter
Intracranial Photodynamic Therapy
This chapter presents the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for clinical applications in the brain, particularly treatment of patients with solid brain tumors such as malignant gliomas. The principles and back...
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Article
Macrophages as Cell-Based Delivery Systems for Nanoshells in Photothermal Therapy
Site-specific delivery of nanoparticles poses a significant challenge, especially in the brain where the blood–brain barrier prevents the entry of most therapeutic compounds including nanoparticle-based anti-c...
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Article
Open AccessPhotothermal treatment of glioma; an in vitro study of macrophage-mediated delivery of gold nanoshells
One of the major factors that limits the treatment effectiveness for gliomas is the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which protects infiltrating glioma cells from the effects of anti-cancer agents. Ci...
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Article
Targeted delivery of bleomycin to the brain using photo-chemical internalization of Clostridium perfringens epsilon prototoxin
Cells infiltrating into normal brain from malignant brain tumors are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB) which prevents the delivery and limits the effects of anti-tumor agents. We have evaluated the ab...
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Article
Motexafin gadolinium enhances the efficacy of aminolevulinic acid mediated-photodynamic therapy in human glioma spheroids
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as a postoperative treatment in patients with high grade gliomas. The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to determine whether motexafin gadolinium (MGd)...
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Article
Enhanced cytotoxic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy by concurrent hyperthermia in glioma spheroids
During photodynamic therapy (PDT) both normal and pathological brain tissue, in close proximity to the light source, can experience significant temperature increases. The purpose of this study was to investiga...
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Article
Repetitive 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy on human glioma spheroids
The response of human glioma spheroids to repetitive 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated. In all cases, light fluences were kept below toxic thresholds to simulate condit...
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Article
ALA- and ALA-ester-mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Human Glioma Spheroids
The effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human glioma spheroids incubated in 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or ALA esters, are investigated. Spheroid survival and growth are monitored following PDT at repres...
