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Article
Open AccessPivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva
Many organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their b...
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Article
Open AccessERRγ enhances cardiac maturation with T-tubule formation in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
One of the earliest maturation steps in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is the sarcomere protein isoform switch between TNNI1 and TNNI3 (fetal and neonatal/adult troponin I). Here, we generate human induced pluripotent s...
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Article
Open AccessComputational analyses decipher the primordial folding coding the 3D structure of the beetle horn
The beetle horn primordium is a complex and compactly folded epithelial sheet located beneath the larval cuticle. Only by unfolding the primordium can the complete 3D shape of the horn appear, suggesting that ...
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Chapter
Theoretical Studies of Pigment Pattern Formation
A wide variety of patterns can be observed in multicellular organisms. How these various spatial regularities are generated from the seemingly homogeneous field of an egg cell has been a great mystery, and var...
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Article
Open AccessGenetical control of 2D pattern and depth of the primordial furrow that prefigures 3D shape of the rhinoceros beetle horn
The head horn of the Asian rhinoceros beetle develops as an extensively folded primordium before unfurling into its final 3D shape at the pupal molt. The information of the final 3D structure of the beetle hor...
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Article
Open AccessSoticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor shows a therapeutic potential for neural hyperexcitation in mice
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H) is a brain-specific enzyme that converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol, the primary mechanism of cholesterol catabolism in the brain. The therapeutic potential of CH24...
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Article
Open AccessStructure and development of the complex helmet of treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae)
Some insects possess complex three-dimensional (3D) structures that develop under the old cuticle prior to the last imaginal molt. Adult treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae) have one ...
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Article
Open AccessSimple rules for construction of a geometric nest structure by pufferfish
A small (~10 cm) male pufferfish (Torquigener albomaculosus) builds a large (~2 m) sandy nest structure, resembling a mysterious crop circle, to attract females. The circle consists of radially arranged deep ditc...
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Article
Open AccessComplex furrows in a 2D epithelial sheet code the 3D structure of a beetle horn
The external organs of holometabolous insects are generated through two consecutive processes: the development of imaginal primordia and their subsequent transformation into the adult structures. During the la...
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Article
Open AccessSuture pattern formation in ammonites and the unknown rear mantle structure
Ammonite shells have complex patterns of suture lines that vary across species. The lines are formed at the intersection of the outer shell wall and the septa. The wavy septa can form if the rear mantle of the...
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Article
Open AccessPolyamine sensitivity of gap junctions is required for skin pattern formation in zebrafish
Gap junctions allow the direct and bidirectional transfer of small molecules between cells. Polyamine sensitivity, which has been observed for a certain gap junction in vitro, confers rectification property to ga...
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Article
Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate
Jeremy Green and colleagues determine that the mechanism establishing the pattern of rugae on the embryonic vertebrate palate is an activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion mechanism rather than an alternative p...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Turing Pattern Formation without Diffusion
Using the pigmentation pattern of zebrafish as the experimental system, we have been studying the mechanism of skin pattern formation. Recent findings of the cellular interactions among the two types of pigmen...
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Article
Shh signaling is essential for rugae morphogenesis in mice
Palatal ridges, or rugae palatinae, are corrugated structures observed in the hard palate region. They are found in most mammalian species, but their number and arrangement are species-specific. Nine palatal r...
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Article
Open AccessBlending of animal colour patterns by hybridization
Biologists have long been fascinated by the amazing diversity of animal colour patterns. Despite much interest, the underlying evolutionary and developmental mechanisms contributing to their rich variety remai...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
How Animals Get Their Skin Patterns: Fish Pigment Pattern as a Live Turing Wave
There are several theoretical mechanisms that are able to generate spatial patterns autonomously without any pre-pattern.1,2 Among them, the most plausible in the biological system is the reaction-diffusion (RD) ...
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Article
Noise-resistant and synchronized oscillation of the segmentation clock
Periodic somite segmentation in vertebrate embryos is controlled by the ‘segmentation clock’, which consists of numerous cellular oscillators. Although the properties of a single oscillator, driven by a hairy neg...
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Article
Life cycle and morphology ofMelampsora yezoensis onSalix serissaefolia
Uredinial and telial states of aMelampsora species occurring on the leaves ofSalix serissaefolia were for the first time recorded. Field observations and inoculation experiments showed that the spermogonial and a...
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Article
Turing patterns in fish skin?
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Article
A reaction–diffusion wave on the skin of the marine angelfish Pomacanthus
IN 1952, Turing proposed a hypothetical molecular mechanism, called the reaction–diffusion system1, which can develop periodic patterns from an initially homogeneous state. Many theoretical models based on reacti...
