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Article
Open AccessInhibition of lung microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptides ameliorates acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable disease of unknown etiology. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with high mortality. Excessive apoptosis of lung epithelial cells oc...
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Article
Open AccessHydrogen and formate production and utilisation in the rumen and the human colon
Molecular hydrogen (H2) and formate (HCOO−) are metabolic end products of many primary fermenters in the mammalian gut. Both play a vital role in fermentation where they are electron sinks for individual microbes...
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Article
Open AccessDegradation of complex arabinoxylans by human colonic Bacteroidetes
Some Bacteroidetes and other human colonic bacteria can degrade arabinoxylans, common polysaccharides found in dietary fiber. Previous work has identified gene clusters (polysaccharide-utilization loci, PULs) ...
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Article
Open AccessA Staphylococcus pro-apoptotic peptide induces acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal disease of unknown etiology; however, apoptosis of lung alveolar epithelial cells plays a role in disease progression. This intractable disease is ass...
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Article
Open AccessGeneration of an E. coli platform strain for improved sucrose utilization using adaptive laboratory evolution
Sucrose is an attractive industrial carbon source due to its abundance and the fact that it can be cheaply generated from sources such as sugarcane. However, only a few characterized Escherichia coli strains are ...
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Article
Let them eat fruit
Detailed biochemical, structural and growth studies reveal how Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron coordinates a complex enzymatic response to deconstruct pectins — complex dietary components that comprise a tremendous ...
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Article
Open AccessMetabolic networks for nitrogen utilization in Prevotella ruminicola 23
Nitrogen metabolism in gut systems remains poorly studied in spite of its importance for microbial growth and its implications for the metabolism of the host. Prevotella spp. are the most predominant bacteria det...
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Article
Open AccessMultiple cellobiohydrolases and cellobiose phosphorylases cooperate in the ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8 to degrade cellooligosaccharides
Digestion of plant cell wall polysaccharides is important in energy capture in the gastrointestinal tract of many herbivorous and omnivorous mammals, including humans and ruminants. The members of the genus Rumin...
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Article
Open AccessFunctional and modular analyses of diverse endoglucanases from Ruminococcus albus 8, a specialist plant cell wall degrading bacterium
Ruminococcus albus 8 is a specialist plant cell wall degrading ruminal bacterium capable of utilizing hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulose degradation requires a suite of enzymes including endoglucanases, exogl...
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Article
Open AccessLignocellulose-derived thin stillage composition and efficient biological treatment with a high-rate hybrid anaerobic bioreactor system
This study aims to chemically characterize thin stillage derived from lignocellulosic biomass distillation residues in terms of organic strength, nutrient, and mineral content. The feasibility of performing an...
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Article
Metagenomic-Based Study of the Phylogenetic and Functional Gene Diversity in Galápagos Land and Marine Iguanas
In this study, a metagenome-based analysis of the fecal samples from the macrophytic algae-consuming marine iguana (MI; Amblyrhynchus cristatus) and terrestrial biomass-consuming land iguanas (LI; Conolophus spp....
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Article
The Gut Microbiota Appears to Compensate for Seasonal Diet Variation in the Wild Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra)
For most mammals, including nonhuman primates, diet composition varies temporally in response to differences in food availability. Because diet influences gut microbiota composition, it is likely that the gut ...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Terrestrial Vertebrate Animal Metagenomics: Herbivorous Reptiles
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Article
Dietary Supplementation of Usnic Acid, an Antimicrobial Compound in Lichens, Does Not Affect Rumen Bacterial Diversity or Density in Reindeer
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) may include large proportions of lichens in their winter diet. These dietary lichens are rich in phenolic secondary compounds, the most well-known being the antimicrobial usn...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Terrestrial Vertebrate Animal Metagenomics: Herbivorous Reptiles
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Article
Probiotic Dosing of Ruminococcus flavefaciens Affects Rumen Microbiome Structure and Function in Reindeer
Highly cellulolytic bacterial species such as Ruminococcus flavefaciens are regarded essential for the microbial breakdown of cellulose in the rumen. We have investigated the effect of ruminal dosing of R. flavef...
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Article
Comparative Genome Analysis of Prevotella ruminicola and Prevotella bryantii: Insights into Their Environmental Niche
The Prevotellas comprise a diverse group of bacteria that has received surprisingly limited attention at the whole genome-sequencing level. In this communication, we present the comparative analysis of the genome...
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Article
Molecular Ecology Of Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin B Methylases in Waste Lagoons and Subsurface Waters Associated with Swine Production
RNA methylase genes are common antibiotic resistance determinants for multiple drugs of the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) families. We used molecular methods to investigate the diversity, dis...
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Article
Novel Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Two Geographically Separated Sub-Species of Reindeer
Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) live under austere nutritional conditions on the high-arctic archipelago of Svalbard, while semi-domesticated Norwegian reindeer (R. tarandus tarandus) migrate ...
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Article
Bacterial Diversity and Distribution in the Holocene Sediments of a Northern Temperate Lake
Sediments contain an abundance of microorganisms. However, the diversity and distribution of microorganisms associated with sediments are poorly understood, particularly in lacustrine environments. We used ban...
