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Open AccessAtlantic-Pacific influence on western U.S. hydroclimate and water resources
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific Ocean is an important driver of winter precipitation variability over western North America as a whole, but ENSO exhibits a weak and inconsistent...
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Article
A net ecosystem carbon budget for snow dominated forested headwater catchments: linking water and carbon fluxes to critical zone carbon storage
Climate-driven changes in carbon (C) cycling of forested ecosystems have the potential to alter long-term C sequestration and the global C balance. Prior studies have shown that C uptake and partitioning in re...
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Article
Interactive Effects of Vegetation Type and Topographic Position on Nitrogen Availability and Loss in a Temperate Montane Ecosystem
Determining the fate of deposited nitrogen (N) in natural ecosystems remains a challenge. Heterogeneity of vegetation types and resulting plant–soil feedbacks interact with topo-hydrologic gradients to mediate...
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Article
Climatic and landscape influences on soil moisture are primary determinants of soil carbon fluxes in seasonally snow-covered forest ecosystems
A changing climate has the potential to mobilize soil carbon, shifting seasonally snow-covered, forested ecosystems from carbon sinks to sources. To determine the sensitivity of soil carbon fluxes to changes i...
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Article
High Atmospheric Nitrate Inputs and Nitrogen Turnover in Semi-arid Urban Catchments
The influx of atmospheric nitrogen to soils and surfaces in arid environments is of growing concern due to increased N emissions and N usage associated with urbanization. Atmospheric nitrogen inputs to the cri...
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Article
Physical and biological controls on trace gas fluxes in semi-arid urban ephemeral waterways
Rapid increases in human population and land transformation in arid and semi-arid regions are altering water, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, yet little is known about how urban ephemeral stream channels i...
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Article
Stream water carbon controls in seasonally snow-covered mountain catchments: impact of inter-annual variability of water fluxes, catchment aspect and seasonal processes
Stream water carbon (C) export is one important pathway for C loss from seasonally snow-covered mountain ecosystems and an assessment of overarching controls is necessary. However, such assessment is challeng...
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Article
Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Amount and Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon: Implications for Ultraviolet Exposure in Amphibian Habitats
The amount, chemical composition, and source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), together with in situ ultraviolet (UV-B) attenuation, were measured at 1–2 week intervals throughout the summers of 1999, 2000, a...
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Article
Estimated Ultraviolet Radiation Doses in Wetlands in Six National Parks
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–320-nm wavelengths) doses were estimated for 1024 wetlands in six national parks: Acadia (Acadia), Glacier (Glacier), Great Smoky Mountains (Smoky), Olympic (Olympic), Rocky ...
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Chapter
Fundamentals of Stable Isotope Chemistry and Measurement
Understanding the power of stable isotopes in research requires general knowledge of the fundamental principles of stable isotope chemistry as well as, more specifically, how the ratios of biologically relevan...
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Article
Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt
Recent work in seasonally snow covered ecosystems has identifiedthawed soil and high levels of heterotrophic activity throughout the winterunder consistent snow cover. We performed measurements during the wint...
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Article
Winter production of CO2 and N2O from alpine tundra: environmental controls and relationship to inter-system C and N fluxes
Fluxes of CO2 and N2O were measured from both natural and experimentally augmented snowpacks during the winters of 1993 and 1994 on Niwot Ridge in the Colorado Front Range. Consistent snow cover insulated the so...
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Article
Microbial activity under alpine snowpacks, Niwot Ridge, Colorado
Experiments were conducted during 1993 at Niwot Ridge in the Colorado Front Range to determine if the insulating effect of winter snow cover allows soil microbial activity to significantly affect nitrogen inpu...
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Article
Growth measurements of terrestrial microbial species by a continuous-flow technique
A continuous nutrient flow system has been developed to measure microbial activity in soil with various concentrations of added substrate. The system consists of a thin soil layer through which substrate was a...
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Article
A new automated technique for measuring respiration in soil samples
An automated 36 place valve to provide continuous soil respiration measurements was constructed. The valve is fully computer controlled and can sample and purge the soil atmosphere as frequently as every 75 mi...