Professionalization of Foreign Policy
Transformation of Operational Code Analysis
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26 Result(s)
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Michael Haas
Political Science and International Relations
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Implications for Foreign Policy Research
The final chapter summarizes the main contribution of the book—namely, to provide a method by which foreign policy decision-makers can require their advisers to rate all possible options and then input their j...
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Omnipresence of Codes
Part II of the book is developed into operational code research, notably this chapter and Chapter 5. During the Cold War, fear of nuclear war prompted much of the pre-th...
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Parameters of Decision-Making and Options Analysis
Part III identifies how to professionalize foreign policy decision-making in this chapter and Chapters 7–10 though Options Ana...
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Book
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American Policies Toward North Korea
North Korea is now a nuclear power, thanks to blunder after blunder in American foreign policy, most notably a key decision by President Barack Obama in 2013. The chapter begins with the background in earlier ...
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Early Approaches to the Study of Foreign Policy
Part I of the book is developed into the historiography of foreign policy analysis in this chapter and Chapter 2, with a test of theories in Chapter 3
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Quantifying Alternative Pre-Theories
Rather than allowing the field of foreign policy analysis to linger, an effort is undertaken to pool almost all concepts about decision-making and rate their importance across a database of 32 decisions, domes...
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Developments and Problems in Operational Code Research
The pioneering work of Stephen Walker, with many collaborators is provided in detail, giving rise to many insights about decision-making. Social psychological approaches strengthened the analysis, which in due...
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American Policies Toward Cambodia
This chapter and Chapters 8 and 9 demonstrate how Options Analysis can be applied to three foreign policy decisions made by Am...
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American Policies Toward Ukraine
Ukraine occupies the longest chapter in the book, providing historical context for a war that began in the last week of February 2022. Although Western intelligence predicted a quick Russian takeover of the co...
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Pre-Theories of Decision-Making
During World War II, social science was applied as a tool to fight the war, so afterward there was a flurry of activity in foreign policy analysis, trying to apply social psychology and sociology to better und...
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Democracy: Components and Types
The term “democracy” is ambiguous and multidimensional, applied to very different kinds of political systems, and thus needs to be defined with care, beginning with the origins of the term with Plato and Arist...
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Immobilism in the French Fourth Republic
Polling data show that the French Fourth Republic failed because political parties and pressure groups represented so many different sectors of the public that parliamentarians were unable to achieve productiv...
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Gridlock in Washington
Although the American Constitution was designed for a certain amount of gridlock, with the expectation that negotiations would reach consensus, the present situation is rooted in a variety of issues. Diverse c...
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Remedies for the Perils of Mass Society
Having diagnosed why democracies flounder, the book ends with prescriptions for how to revitalize democratic principles. Whereas most observers focus on micro-remedies, the major macro-remedy is to overcome th...
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Mass Society Paradigm
From Aristotle to C. Wright Mills and Samuel Huntington, democratic politics has been viewed as possible only if civil society mediates between government and the masses. The present chapter traces the origins...
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Singapore’s Totalitarian Mass Society
Although Singapore has elections and political parties and procedurally appears to be democratic, the government gradually undermined civil society and became totalitarian, leading to a gradual exit from the c...
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Global Mass Society
Economic globalization has resulted in corporations, unaccountable to states, making key decisions within an otherwise anarchic world order, rendering normal democratic functioning almost impossible. Global gr...
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Book
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Chapter
Creating Arenas of Peace
Many zones of conflict have become arenas of peace in Asia. No region-wide organization arose in Asia, in part because the Cold War initially divided the vast region. From the 1970s, the Forum served the South...
