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Article
Open AccessVentral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types
The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Yet little is known about the mechanisms ...
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Article
Ventral pallidum is essential for cocaine relapse after voluntary abstinence in rats
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, and during recovery many people experience several relapse events as they attempt to voluntarily abstain from drug. New preclinical relapse models have emerged that c...
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Article
Open AccessOpponent control of behavioral reinforcement by inhibitory and excitatory projections from the ventral pallidum
The ventral pallidum (VP) lies at the interface between sensory, motor, and cognitive processing—with a particular role in mounting behavioral responses to rewards. Though the VP is predominantly GABAergic, gl...
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Article
Open AccessVentral tegmental area glutamate neurons co-release GABA and promote positive reinforcement
In addition to dopamine neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains GABA-, glutamate- and co-releasing neurons, and recent reports suggest a complex role for the glutamate neurons in behavioural reinfor...
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Article
Open AccessA mu–delta opioid receptor brain atlas reveals neuronal co-occurrence in subcortical networks
Opioid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate brain function at all levels of neural integration, including autonomic, sensory, emotional and cognitive processing. Mu (MOR) and delta (...
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Protocol
Tyramide Signal Amplification for Immunofluorescent Enhancement
Enzyme-linked signal amplification is a key technique used to enhance the immunohistochemical detection of protein, mRNA, and other molecular species. Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is based on a catalyti...
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Article
Cues predicting drug or food reward restore morphine-induced place conditioning in mice lacking delta opioid receptors
The exact role of delta opioid receptors in drug-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) remains debated. Under classical experimental conditions, morphine-induced CPP is decreased in mice lacking delta opi...
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Article
Mouse Delta Opioid Receptors are Located on Presynaptic Afferents to Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells
Delta opioid receptors participate in the control of chronic pain and emotional responses. Recent data have also identified their implication in drug-context associations pointing to a modulatory role on hippo...
