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Chapter
3DE Spectrum of Mitral Valve Prolapse
After a brief introduction of the different aetiologies of mitral regurgitation (i.e. primary, secondary and mixed), this chapter will focus on the “functional classification” of mitral valve (MV) regurgitatio...
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Chapter
The Role of Imaging Techniques in Electrophysiologic Procedures
Electrophysiology procedures have evolved to be among the most utilized for a variety of cardiac rhythm disorders over the last three decades. A part of this success is because of improvements in signal proces...
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Chapter
3DE Anatomy of Normal Aortic Valve and Root. Image Display and Anatomic Correlations
Aortic root anatomy has been disregarded for a long time by cardiologists because of its apparent structural and functional simplicity. The advent of aortic valve sparing surgery and transcatheter aortic valve...
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Chapter
Normal 3DE Anatomy of Atrial Septum: Image Display and Anatomical Specimen Correlations
An in-depth knowledge of interatrial septum (IAS) anatomy is crucial for all congenital heart disease and interventional cardiology specialists. In this chapter we describe atrial septation and the complex ana...
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Chapter
3DE of Normal Mitral Valve: Image Display and Anatomic Correlations
Understanding normal anatomy of the mitral valve (MV) is of paramount importance for a correct interpretation of the wide spectrum of MV diseases and for safe and effective surgical and percutaneous transcathe...
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Chapter
Atrial Septal Defects: 2DE vs 3DE and Anatomic Specimen
This chapter describes the atrial septal defects (ASDs), a group of congenital heart diseases that allow communication between the left and right side of the heart. These congenital anomalies have an approxima...
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Chapter
Atrial Interventions
The focus of this chapter is percutaneous catheter-based interventions within the two atrial cavities, including closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal defects (ASD), and left atrial appendage (L...
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Chapter
The Mitral Valve
In 1972, David E. Perloff, a cardiologist, and William Roberts, an anatomist, wrote the most educational paper on the mitral valve. These authors clarified that the mitral valve is not merely a couple of conne...
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Chapter
The Tricuspid Valve
Interest in the anatomy of the tricuspid valve has increased in the past two decades with the awareness that functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is not an innocuous bystander of left-side heart disease bu...
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Chapter
The Right Atrium and Left Atrium
This chapter describes the anatomy of the right and left atria using computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiograp...
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Chapter
The Coronary Arteries and Veins
A deep understanding of human coronary arteries anatomy and spatial relationships between coronary vessels and surrounding myocardium helps to provide insights for interpreting invasive coronary angiography an...
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Chapter
The Left and Right Ventricles
As in the previous chapters, the three imaging techniques will be used to illustrate anatomy. In this chapter we describe the anatomy of left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV).
