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Article
Open AccessDense, single-phase, hard, and stress-free Ti0.32Al0.63W0.05N films grown by magnetron sputtering with dramatically reduced energy consumption
The quest for lowering energy consumption during thin film growth, as by magnetron sputtering, becomes of particular importance in view of sustainable development goals. A recently proposed solution combining ...
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Article
Open AccessThe same chemical state of carbon gives rise to two peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Chemical state analysis in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) relies on assigning well-defined binding energy values to core level electrons originating from atoms in particular bonding configurations. Her...
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Article
Open AccessSelf-structuring in Zr1−xAlxN films as a function of composition and growth temperature
Nanostructure formation via surface-diffusion-mediated segregation of ZrN and AlN in Zr1−xAlxN films during high mobility growth conditions is investigated for 0 ≤ × ≤ 1. The large immiscibility combined with int...
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Article
Open AccessSelectable phase formation in VAlN thin films by controlling Al+ subplantation depth
We report on a thin film synthesis technique which allows for unprecedented control over the crystalline phase formation in metastable transition metal nitride based layers. For the model material system of V0.26
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Article
Open AccessDirect observation of spinodal decomposition phenomena in InAlN alloys during in-situ STEM heating
The spinodal decomposition and thermal stability of thin In0.72Al0.28N layers and In0.72Al0.28N/AlN superlattices with AlN(0001) templates on Al2O3(0001) substrates was investigated by in-situ heating up to 900 °...
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Article
Open AccessA theoretical investigation of mixing thermodynamics, age-hardening potential and electronic structure of ternary M11–xM2xB2 alloys with AlB2 type structure
Transition metal diborides are ceramic materials with potential applications as hard protective thin films and electrical contact materials. We investigate the possibility to obtain age hardening through isost...
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Article
Structural and magnetic properties of (Cr1−x Mn x )5Al8 solid solution and structural relation to hexagonal nanolaminates
Electron microscopy is used to reveal the competitive epitaxial growth of bcc structure (Cr1−x Mn x )5Al8 and (Cr1−y Mn y ...
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Article
Oxygen incorporation in Ti2AlC thin films studied by electron energy loss spectroscopy and ab initio calculations
Substitution of C with O in hexagonal inherently nanolaminated Ti2AlC has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Ti2Al(C1−x O x ) thin films with x ≤ 0.52...
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Article
Microstructural and Chemical Analysis of AgI Coatings Used as a Solid Lubricant in Electrical Sliding Contacts
AgI coatings have been deposited by electroplating on Ag-plated Cu coupons. Electron microscopy shows that the coatings consist of weakly agglomerated AgI grains. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calor...
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Article
Contact Resistance of Ti-Si-C-Ag and Ti-Si-C-Ag-Pd Nanocomposite Coatings
Ti-Si-C-Ag-Pd and Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings were deposited by direct-current magnetron sputtering on Cu substrates with an electroplated Ni layer. Analytical electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and...
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Article
Structural Defects in Ion Implanted 4H-SiC Epilayers
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate Al, Ar, C and Si ionimplanted 4H-SiC epilayers. After the implantation the samples were thermally annealed for 30 minutes at 1700°C. During the an...
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Chapter
Fullerene-like Carbon Nitride: A New Carbon-based Tribological Coating
In 1994, researchers at Linkö** University discovered the fullerene-like allotrope of carbon nitride (FL-CN x ) by using reactive magnetron sputtering in a nitrogen-containing atmo...
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Article
Epitaxial Ti2GeC, Ti3GeC2, and Ti4GeC3 MAX-phase thin films grown by magnetron sputtering
We have grown single-crystal thin films of Ti2GeC and Ti3GeC2 and a new phase Ti4GeC3, as well as two new intergrown MAX-structures, Ti5Ge2C3 and Ti7Ge2C5. Epitaxial films were grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates at ...
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Article
Comment on “Pulsed Laser Deposition and Properties of M n+1AX x Phase Formulated Ti3SiC2 Thin Films”
A recent paper by Hu et al. claimed synthesis of the MAX-phase Ti3SiC2at 100–300 °C using pulsed laser deposition. In this comment, we find that the evidence presented by Hu et al. is insufficient to show Ti3SiC2
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Materials Science of Wear-Protective Nanostructured Thin Films
Nano-design routes for ceramic thin films by PVD are reviewed. For TiN/NbN superlattices, glide within the layers is the dominant deformation mechanism in support of models for superhardening. Theory presumes ...
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Article
Electrical properties of carbon nitride thin films: Role of morphology and hydrogen content
The influence of hydrogen content and ambient humidity on the electrical properties of carbon nitride (CNx) films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from a graphite target in Ar discharges mixed with N2 a...
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Article
Growth, structure, and mechanical properties of transition metal carbide superlattices
Superlattices of TiC/VC have been deposited on MgO(001) substrates by simultaneous direct current metal magnetron sputtering and C60 evaporation in the temperature range 200–800 °C. Thin superlattices (approximat...
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Article
Deposition of epitaxial transition metal carbide films and superlattices by simultaneous direct current metal magnetron sputtering and C60 evaporation
Thin epitaxial TiC and VC films and superlattices have been deposited on MgO(001) by simultaneous sputtering of the metals and evaporation of C60. It was found that epitaxial growth conditions for TiC could be ma...
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Article
High-temperature stability of epitaxial, non-isostructural Mo/NbN superlattices
The effect of 1000 °C vacuum annealing on the structure and hardness of epitaxial Mo/NbN superlattice thin films was studied. The intensity of superlattice satellite peaks, measured by x-ray diffraction, decre...
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Article
Texture Evolution in Si/SiC Layered Structures Deposited on Si(001) by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Texture evolution in Si/SiC multilayers deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition on carbonized Si(001) substrates was investigated using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscop...
