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Article
Open AccessSpotting disease disrupts the microbiome of infected purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Spotting disease infects a variety of sea urchin species across many different marine locations. The disease is characterized by discrete lesions on the body surface composed of discolored necrotic tissue that...
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Chapter
Correction to: Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms
Correction to: Chapter 13 in: E. L. Cooper (ed.), Advances in Comparative Immunology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76768-0_13
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Chapter
Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms
The Echinodermata are an ancient phylum of benthic marine invertebrates with a dispersal-stage planktonic larva. These animals have innate immune systems characterized initially by clearance of foreign particl...
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Article
Open AccessShort tandem repeats, segmental duplications, gene deletion, and genomic instability in a rapidly diversified immune gene family
Genomic regions with repetitive sequences are considered unstable and prone to swift DNA diversification processes. A highly diverse immune gene family of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), called Sp...
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Article
Open AccessAn Sp185/333 gene cluster from the purple sea urchin and putative microsatellite-mediated gene diversification
The immune system of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is complex and sophisticated. An important component of sea urchin immunity is the Sp185/333 gene family, which is significantly upregula...
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Chapter
Echinoderm Immunity
A survey for immune genes in the genome for the purple sea urchin has shown that the immune system is complex and sophisticated. By inference, immune responses of all echinoderms may be similar. The immune sys...
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Article
Open AccessA method for identifying alternative or cryptic donor splice sites within gene and mRNA sequences. Comparisons among sequences from vertebrates, echinoderms and other groups
As the amount of genome sequencing data grows, so does the problem of computational gene identification, and in particular, the splicing signals that flank exon borders. Traditional methods for identifying spl...
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Article
Open AccessExtraordinary diversity among members of the large gene family, 185/333, from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Recent analysis of immune-related genes within the sea urchin genome revealed a number of large gene families with vertebrate homologues, such as the Toll-like and NOD/NALP-like receptor families and C-type le...
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Article
Open AccessDistinctive expression patterns of 185/333 genes in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: an unexpectedly diverse family of transcripts in response to LPS, β-1,3-glucan, and dsRNA
A diverse set of transcripts called 185/333 is strongly expressed in sea urchins responding to immune challenge. Optimal alignments of full-length 185/333 cDNAs requires the insertion of large gaps that define 25...
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Article
Constitutive expression and alternative splicing of the exons encoding SCRs in Sp152, the sea urchin homologue of complement factor B. Implications on the evolution of the Bf/C2 gene family
The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, possesses a non-adaptive immune system including elements homologous to C3 and factor B (Bf) of the vertebrate complement system. SpBf is composed of motifs t...
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Article
Two cDNAs from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, encoding mosaic proteins with domains found in factor H, factor I, and complement components C6 and C7
The vertebrate complement system is composed of about 30 serum and cell surface proteins that make up three activation pathways, a lytic pathway, and a set of proteins that regulate complement. Regulatory prot...
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The Complement System in Sea Urchins
Comparative immunology had its origin in the studies of inflammation by Elie Metchnikoff who proposed that the primary effectors of the immune response were circulating, amoeboid, phagocytic cells (Metchnikoff...
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Article
Expression of SpC3, the sea urchin complement component, in response to lipopolysaccharide
The homologue of the vertebrate complement component C3 that is expressed in the coelomocytes of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, designated SpC3, was investigated for changes in response to...
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Article
SpC3, the complement homologue from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is expressed in two subpopulations of the phagocytic coelomocytes
The lower deuterostomes, including the echinoderms, possess an innate immune system that includes a subsystem with similarities to the vertebrate complement system. A homologue of the central component of thi...
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Chapter
The Role of Mesohyl Cells in Sponge Allograft Rejections
H. V. Wilson, in 1907, attempted and failed to produce chimeric sponges from xenogeneic (different species) mixtures of dissociated sponge cells. His failed experiment, however, initiated an interest in cellul...
