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    Article

    Evolution of thyroid eye disease decompression—dysthyroid optic neuropathy

    Orbital decompression surgery and medical therapy for thyroid eye disease (TED) have evolved over the past 150 years and afforded the opportunity to restore pre-disease appearance and visual function. This man...

    Andrea A. Tooley, Kyle J. Godfrey, Michael Kazim in Eye (2019)

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    Orbital Decompression: Graded Surgical Approach

    Orbital decompression is an effective surgical intervention for the treatment of thyroid eye disease and other conditions causing expansion of orbital soft tissue volume. Indications for surgery include disfig...

    Kyle J. Godfrey, Christine C. Annunziata, Bobby S. Korn in Manual of Oculoplastic Surgery (2018)

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    Article

    Chemodenervation of extraocular muscles with botulinum toxin in thyroid eye disease

    Thyroid eye disease (TED) presents a management dilemma for strabismologists due to the variability of its clinical course. Prisms may be prescribed to relieve diplopia in small deviations. Surgical interventi...

    David B. Granet, Nickisa Hodgson in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experime… (2016)