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Article
Severity of Post-traumatic Stress and Non-medical, Concomitant Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use in a Sample of Women at High Risk of Overdose
Women who exchange sex and use opioids experience substantial post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Among veterans, PTSD increases the risk of concomitant opioid-benzodiazepine use, increasing overdo...
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Article
Open AccessHigh willingness to use overdose prevention sites among suburban people who use drugs who do not inject
Overdose prevention sites (OPS) are evidence-based interventions to improve public health, yet implementation has been limited in the USA due to a variety of legal impediments. Studies in various US settings h...
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Open AccessA qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to drug treatment services among people who inject drugs in West Virginia
The opioid overdose crisis in the USA has called for expanding access to evidence-based substance use treatment programs, yet many barriers limit the ability of people who inject drugs (PWID) to engage in thes...
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Article
Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings from a Multistate Study at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Few studies have examined HIV testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines factors associated with PWID who have been recently (past six months) tested for HIV...
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Open AccessFactors associated with receptive injection equipment sharing among people who inject drugs: findings from a multistate study at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic
Receptive injection equipment sharing (i.e., injecting with syringes, cookers, rinse water previously used by another person) plays a central role in the transmission of infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, viral h...
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Article
Open AccessCriminalization and coercion: sexual encounters with police among a longitudinal cohort of women who exchange sex in Baltimore, Maryland
The criminalization of sex work and drug use creates unequal power dynamics easily exploited by police. Women who exchange sex (WES) in settings around the globe have reported coerced sex and sexual assault by...
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Open AccessSelling sex in the context of substance use: social and structural drivers of transactional sex among men who use opioids in Maryland
Transactional sex is an important driver of HIV risk among people who use drugs in the USA, but there is a dearth of research characterizing men’s selling and trading of sex in the context of opioid use. To id...
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Article
Open AccessIntersecting substance use treatment and harm reduction services: exploring the characteristics and service needs of a community-based sample of people who use drugs
Substance use treatment and harm reduction services are essential components of comprehensive strategies for reducing the harms of drug use and overdose. However, these services have been historically siloed, ...
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Article
NIMBYism and Harm Reduction Programs: Results from Baltimore City
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Article
Map** Interests in Event-Driven and Long-Acting Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Formulations onto the HIV Risk Environment of Street-Based Female Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis
Despite growing availability, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence remains suboptimal among female sex workers (FSW) in the United States. Using cross-sectional data from a survey of 236 st...
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Article
Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia
People who inject drugs (PWID) play a critical role in injection-naïve individuals transitioning to injection drug use. We investigated factors associated with future likelihood of initiating injection-naïve i...
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Article
Health Beliefs and Preventive Behaviors Among Adults During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: a Latent Class Analysis
The objectives of this study are to (1) characterize patterns of preventive behaviors 3 months after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared a national emergency in the USA and (2) identify how health beliefs (e.g....
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Article
Syringe Coverage Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia, USA
Ensuring people who inject drugs (PWID) have ≥ 100% sterile syringe coverage (i.e., persons have access to a sterile syringe for all injections) is optimal for HIV prevention. Existing syringe coverage literat...
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Article
Patterns of Sex Work Client Solicitation Settings and Associations with HIV/STI Risk Among a Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland
Female sex workers’ (FSWs) risk for HIV/STIs is influenced by their work environments. While previous research has characterized vulnerability in a single workplace, many FSWs solicit clients from multiple set...
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Article
Open AccessFood access among people who inject drugs in West Virginia
The substance use epidemic in the United States continues to drive high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID). Poor access to food often co-occurs with drug use a...
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Article
“People Don’t Just Start Shooting Heroin on Their 18th Birthday”: A Qualitative Study of Community Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Adolescent Opioid Use and Opportunities for Intervention in Baltimore, Maryland
Initiation of non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPO) during early adolescence is tightly linked to heroin and other drug use disorders and related sequelae in later adolescence and young adulthood. Few stu...
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Open AccessPractical implications of naloxone knowledge among suburban people who use opioids
Naloxone distribution programs have been a cornerstone of the public health response to the overdose crisis in the USA. Yet people who use opioids (PWUO) continue to face a number of barriers accessing naloxon...
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Article
Open AccessCorrelates of recent nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in West Virginia
Experiencing a nonfatal overdose (NFOD) is a significant risk factor for a subsequent nonfatal or fatal overdose. Overdose mortality rates in rural Appalachian states are some of the highest in the USA, but li...
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Article
Enduring mental health in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up study
To estimate the prevalence of enduring mental health (EMH) and examine important correlates of EMH 23 years later in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up study.