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Article
Development of clinical and laboratory biomarkers in an international cohort of 428 children with lupus nephritis
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a very severe manifestation of lupus. There is no consensus on which treatment goals should be achieved to protect kidney function in children with LN.
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Article
Open AccessCardiovascular outcomes improve in children with renovascular hypertension following endovascular and surgical interventions
Renovascular hypertension (RenoVH) is a cause of hypertension in children. A common cause of RenoVH is renal artery stenosis which acts by reducing blood supply to renal parenchyma and activating the renin–ang...
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Article
Therapeutic drug monitoring in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a state of the art review
Immunosuppressants are commonly used as steroid-sparing agents in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) to induce and sustain remissions. These drugs have narrow therapeutic indices with high inter- and...
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Article
International cohort of 382 children with lupus nephritis – presentation, treatment and outcome at 24 months
Children with lupus have a higher chance of nephritis and worse kidney outcome than adult patients.
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Article
Open AccessTargetable NOTCH1 rearrangements in reninoma
Reninomas are exceedingly rare renin-secreting kidney tumours that derive from juxtaglomerular cells, specialised smooth muscle cells that reside at the vascular inlet of glomeruli. They are the central compon...
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Article
Mendelian steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in childhood: is it as common as reported?
Primary steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is thought to have either genetic or immune-mediated aetiology. Knowing which children to screen for genetic causes can be difficult. Several studies have de...
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Chapter
Renovascular Hypertension in Children
Renovascular disease is a rare but important cause of childhood hypertension. It accounts for 10% of secondary childhood hypertension and can be diagnosed in all age groups. Anatomic stenosis of the renal arte...
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Chapter
Lupus Nephritis
Juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a multi-system, autoimmune disease which requires lifelong monitoring. It is characterised by flares of disease activity which can affect all organs with v...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Renovascular Hypertension, Vasculitis, and Aortic Coarctation
High blood pressure in children may be caused by vascular abnormalities in the aorta such as coarctation or mid-aortic syndrome, or in the renal arteries in a significant proportion of cases. The underlying ca...
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Article
Open AccessPresentation, treatment, and outcome of renovascular hypertension below 2 years of age
Renovascular hypertension in most cases requires endovascular treatment and/or surgery. This is technically much more difficult in small children and there is very limited published knowledge in this age group...
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Article
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on use of rituximab among children with difficult nephrotic syndrome
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Article
Long-term obesity prevalence and linear growth in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: is normal growth and weight control possible with steroid-sparing drugs and low-dose steroids for relapses?
Long-term steroid treatment in children is known to cause obesity and negatively affect growth. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight and analyze linear growth i...
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Article
Hypogammaglobulinaemia following rituximab therapy in childhood nephrotic syndrome
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Article
Response to: Timely and individualized use of immunosuppression is associated with favourable outcomes in paediatric IgA Vasculitis Nephritis
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Renovascular Hypertension in Children: Evaluation and Management
Renal artery stenosis is an unusual but important cause of high blood pressure (BP) in children. It often presents with very severely raised BP and symptoms of target organ damage. The cause is unknown in most...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Renovascular Hypertension, Vasculitis, and Aortic Coarctation
High blood pressure in children is caused by vascular abnormalities in the aorta such as coarctation or mid-aortic syndrome, or in the renal arteries in a significant proportion of cases. The underlying causes...
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Article
Open AccessThe effect of levamisole on kidney function in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Levamisole is frequently used as a steroid-sparing agent in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Side effects, such as neutropenia, gastro-intestinal upset and skin rash, have been reported. We ...
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Article
Risk factors for kidney scarring and vesicoureteral reflux in 421 children after their first acute pyelonephritis, and appraisal of international guidelines
Acute pyelonephritis (AP) is a common bacterial infection in childhood. Follow-up guidelines on these children are controversial. This study aimed to identify risk factors for kidney scarring and vesicouretera...
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Article
When should we start and stop ACEi/ARB in paediatric chronic kidney disease?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors (RAASi) are the mainstay therapy in both adult and paediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). RAASi slow down the progression of kidney failure by optimization of blood p...
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Article
Rituximab in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome: in quest of the optimal regimen
Rituximab has emerged as an effective and important therapy in children with complicated frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome to induce long-term disease remission and avoid steroid to...
