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Article
Brain–body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor wea...
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Article
Effect of prebiotic fiber on physical function and gut microbiota in adults, mostly women, with knee osteoarthritis and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Obesity is a primary risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Prebiotics enhance beneficial gut microbes and can reduce body fat and inflammation. Our objective was to examine if a 6-month prebiotic intervent...
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Article
Targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome
The management of visceral pain in patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction, notably irritable bowel syndrome, presents a considerable clinical challenge, with few available treatment options. Patients...
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Article
Open AccessAcute gut inflammation reduces neural activity and spine maturity in hippocampus but not basolateral amygdala
Gastrointestinal tract (gut) inflammation increases stress and threat-co** behaviors, which are associated with altered activity in fear-related neural circuits, such as the basolateral amygdala and hippocam...
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Article
A monocyte–leptin–angiogenesis pathway critical for repair post-infection
During infection, inflammatory monocytes are thought to be key for bacterial eradication, but this is hard to reconcile with the large numbers of neutrophils that are recruited for each monocyte that migrates ...
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Article
Stress and immunity — the circuit makes the difference
Specific brain circuits recruited during stress contribute to differential immune responses and affect how the immune system handles viral and autoimmune challenges.
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Article
Open AccessRecruitment of α4β7 monocytes and neutrophils to the brain in experimental colitis is associated with elevated cytokines and anxiety-like behavior
Behavioral comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, are a prominent feature of IBD. The signals from the inflamed gut that cause changes in the brain leading to these behavioral comorbidities remain to b...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
New Concepts of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in the Control of Motility
Propulsive gastrointestinal (GI) motility is critical for digestive physiology and host defense. GI motility is finely regulated by the intramural reflex pathways of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS i...
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Article
Open AccessIntestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS). Alterations in the gut microbiome frequently...
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Article
Open AccessCharacterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy
Microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we c...
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Article
Open AccessEffect of a prebiotic supplement on knee joint function, gut microbiota, and inflammation in adults with co-morbid obesity and knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and painful condition where the articular cartilage surfaces progressively degenerate, resulting in loss of function and progressive disability. Obesity is a primary risk facto...
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Article
Open AccessComorbid anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of colitis is mediated by an upregulation of corticolimbic fatty acid amide hydrolase
Peripheral inflammatory conditions, including those localized to the gastrointestinal tract, are highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. These behavioral symptoms are poorly ...
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Article
Open AccessIntestinal fungi are causally implicated in microbiome assembly and immune development in mice
The gut microbiome consists of a multi-kingdom microbial community. Whilst the role of bacteria as causal contributors governing host physiological development is well established, the role of fungi remains to...
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Article
Neuroimmunophysiology of the gut: advances and emerging concepts focusing on the epithelium
The epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract serves as the interface for digestion and absorption of nutrients and water and as a defensive barrier. The defensive functions of the intestinal epithelium ...
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Article
Open AccessAbnormal cannabidiol attenuates experimental colitis in mice, promotes wound healing and inhibits neutrophil recruitment
Non-psychotropic atypical cannabinoids have therapeutic potential in a variety of inflammatory conditions including those of the gastrointestinal tract. Here we examined the effects of the atypical cannabinoid...
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Chapter
The Intrinsic Reflex Circuitry of the Inflamed Colon
In 1899, Bayliss and Starling determined that the innervation of the intestines differs from that of other organs. They found that local neuronal networks are capable of generating reflex responses without the...
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Article
The past 10 years of gastroenterology and hepatology—reflections and predictions
Five of our Advisory Board Members—international experts across different subspecialties—reflect on the progress and frustrations of the past 10 years in gastroenterology and hepatology. They also comment on w...
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Article
Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract
Enteric glia encompass a diverse range of glial cells that populate the gastrointestinal tract. In this Review, Gulbransen & Sharkey provide a timely update on the different types of enteric glia and their rol...
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Article
Activation of neuronal P2X7 receptor–pannexin-1 mediates death of enteric neurons during colitis
Enteric neuron death is linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Now, Brian Gulbransen and his colleagues demonstrate that P2X7 receptor–pannexin-1 signaling is responsible for enteric neuron ...
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Article
Emerging concepts in neurogastroenterology and motility
Neurogastroenterology encompasses intrinsic and extrinsic neural processes that regulate gut functions, sensation and related behaviors such as ingestion. In 2011, key advances were made in understanding gut–b...
