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Article
Open AccessImaging of 3 bright terrestrial gamma-ray flashes by the atmosphere-space interactions monitor and their parent thunderstorms
The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station (ISS) includes an instrument designed to geolocate Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGF) produced by thunderstorms. It does so ...
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Article
Open AccessSpectroscopy of a mesospheric ghost reveals iron emissions
Mesospheric Green emissions from excited Oxygen in Sprite Tops (ghosts) are infrequent and faint greenish transient luminous events that remain for hundreds of milliseconds on top of certain energetic sprites....
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Article
Open AccessGigantic jet discharges evolve stepwise through the middle atmosphere
In 2002 it was discovered that a lightning discharge can rise out of the top of tropical thunderstorms and branch out spectacularly to the base of the ionosphere at 90 km altitude. Several dozens of such gigan...
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Article
Open AccessThe start of lightning: Evidence of bidirectional lightning initiation
Lightning flashes are known to initiate in regions of strong electric fields inside thunderstorms, between layers of positively and negatively charged precipitation particles. For that reason, lightning incept...
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Chapter
Lightning Detection in Spain: The Particular Case of Catalonia
This chapter reviews the lightning detection in Spain. It focuses on the region of Catalonia (NE Spain), which has the particularity of being covered by two different lightning detection systems. Since 1992, t...
