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Article
Open AccessDistinct baseline immune characteristics associated with responses to conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults
Pneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 and conjugated alternative PCV13 can prevent these infections; yet, underlying immunologic...
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Article
Open AccessYoung infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations
Infants necessitate vaccinations to prevent life-threatening infections. Our understanding of the infant immune responses to routine vaccines remains limited. We analyzed two cohorts of 2-month-old infants bef...
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Article
Open AccessAMULET: a novel read count-based method for effective multiplet detection from single nucleus ATAC-seq data
Detecting multiplets in single nucleus (sn)ATAC-seq data is challenging due to data sparsity and limited dynamic range. AMULET (ATAC-seq MULtiplet Estimation Tool) enumerates regions with greater than two uniq...
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Article
Open AccessDevelopment of a fixed module repertoire for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data
As the capacity for generating large-scale molecular profiling data continues to grow, the ability to extract meaningful biological knowledge from it remains a limitation. Here, we describe the development of ...
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Article
MEK inhibition reprograms CD8+ T lymphocytes into memory stem cells with potent antitumor effects
Regenerative stem cell–like memory (TSCM) CD8+ T cells persist longer and produce stronger effector functions. We found that MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi) induces TSCM that have naive phenotype with self-renewability,...
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Article
Sestrins induce natural killer function in senescent-like CD8+ T cells
Aging is associated with remodeling of the immune system to enable the maintenance of life-long immunity. In the CD8+ T cell compartment, aging results in the expansion of highly differentiated cells that exhibit...
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Article
Open AccessThe lethal sex gap: COVID-19
While Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is disrupting lives across the globe for everyone, it has a more devastating impact on the hea...
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Article
Open AccessSexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging
Differences in immune function and responses contribute to health- and life-span disparities between sexes. However, the role of sex in immune system aging is not well understood. Here, we characterize periphe...
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Article
Author Correction: Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza
In the version of this article initially published, a source of funding was not included in the Acknowledgements section. That section should include the following: P.J.M.O. was supported by EU FP7 PREPARE pro...
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Article
A CD4+ T cell population expanded in lupus blood provides B cell help through interleukin-10 and succinate
Understanding the mechanisms underlying autoantibody development will accelerate therapeutic target identification in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)1. Follicular helper T cells (TF...
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Article
Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza
Transcriptional profiles and host-response biomarkers are used increasingly to investigate the severity, subtype and pathogenesis of disease. We now describe whole-blood mRNA signatures and concentrations of l...
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Article
Cancer vaccines on the move
The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been pursued for many decades. Many vaccines can elicit immunity to tumour antigens, although their clinical efficacy remains modest. Recent results from two ...
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Article
Diversity and collaboration for effective immunotherapy
Tumors continue to escape therapies that target single signaling pathways. A recent study in mice shows that combination immunotherapy involving different arms of immune response can overcome this and cure int...
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Article
Open AccessHIV–tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is characterized by Toll-like receptor and inflammasome signalling
Patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). No biomarkers for TB-IRIS have been identified and the ...
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Article
Open AccessA novel vaccine for mantle cell lymphoma based on targeting cyclin D1 to dendritic cells via CD40
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct clinical pathologic subtype of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma often associated with poor prognosis. New therapeutic approaches based on boosting anti-tumor immunity are ...
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Article
Pathophysiology of T follicular helper cells in humans and mice
In this Review, Ueno, Vinuesa and Banchereau discuss the similarities and differences between mouse and human follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) and discuss their role in response to vaccines and in disease pa...
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Article
Open AccessTranscriptional specialization of human dendritic cell subsets in response to microbial vaccines
The mechanisms by which microbial vaccines interact with human APCs remain elusive. Herein, we describe the transcriptional programs induced in human DCs by pathogens, innate receptor ligands and vaccines. Exp...
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Article
The cytokine TGF-β co-opts signaling via STAT3-STAT4 to promote the differentiation of human TFH cells
The factors that drive the differentiation of human follicular helper cells remain largely undefined. Ueno and colleagues show that TGF-β complements STAT3- and STAT4-activating cytokines to promote the initia...
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Chapter
Cancer Immunotherapy via Dendritic Cells
Owing to their properties, dendritic cells (DCs) are often called “nature’s adjuvants,” and thus have become the natural targets for antigen delivery. DCs provide an essential link between the innate and the a...
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Article
From IL-2 to IL-37: the expanding spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokines
Feedback regulatory circuits provided by regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and suppressive cytokines are an intrinsic part of the immune system, along with effector functions. Here we discuss some of the regulatory...
