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Chapter
The Effects of the Organ Microenvironment on Metastatic Cell Gene Signatures
The bidirectional signaling that takes place between cancer cells and its surrounding tissue plays a key role in determining tumor growth, metastasis, and sensitivity to therapy. Consequently, much effort has ...
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Chapter
Host–Tumor Interactions in Brain Cancer Metastasis Leading to Drug Resistance
An estimated 200,000 cases of brain metastases occur in the United States each year. Brain metastasis is associated with poor prognosis, neurological deterioration, and reduced quality of life. At present, the...
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Article
Open AccessThe challenge of targeting metastasis
Metastases that are resistant to conventional therapy are the major cause of death from cancer. In most patients, metastasis has already occurred by the time of diagnosis. Thus, the prevention of metastasis is...
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Article
Reduced adenosine-to-inosine miR-455-5p editing promotes melanoma growth and metastasis
Although recent studies have shown that adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in microRNAs (miRNAs), its effects on tumour growth and metastasis are not well understood. We present evidence of CREB-...
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Article
Finding the tumor copycat: Therapy fails, patients don't
The complexity of human metastatic cancer is difficult to mimic in mouse models. As a consequence, seemingly successful studies in murine models do not translate into success in late phases of clinical trials,...
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Article
The brain microenvironment and cancer metastasis
The process of metastasis consists of a series of sequential, selective steps that few cells can complete. The outcome of cancer metastasis depends on multiple interactions between metastatic cells and homeost...
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Chapter
Metastasis and Drug Resistance
Multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype emerging from chemotherapy is a major problem in managing patients with metastatic cancers. The discovery that a cardiovascular drug, verapamil, can bind to P-glycoprotein ...
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Chapter
The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: relevance to therapy
Metastasis, the spread of malignant tumor cells from a primary neoplasm to distant parts of the body where they multiply to form new growths, is a major cause of death from cancer. The treatment of cancer pose...
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Article
Targeting the EGFR, VEGFR, and PDGFR on colon cancer cells and stromal cells is required for therapy
Immunohistochemical analysis of human colon cancers growing in the cecal walls of nude mice revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were...
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Article
Impact of sentinel lymphadenectomy on survival in a murine model of melanoma
Lymphatic map** and sentinel lymph node biopsy—also termed sentinel lymphadenectomy (SL)—has become a standard of care for patients with primary invasive cutaneous melanoma. This technique has been shown to ...
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Chapter
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment (Stroma) for Treatment of Metastasis
The major cause of death from cancer is metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies. Metastases can be located in different organs and in different regions of the same organ that influence the resp...
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Article
The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited
Researchers have been studying metastasis for more than 100 years, and only recently have we gained insight into the mechanisms by which metastatic cells arise from primary tumours and the reasons that certain...
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Article
Genomic analysis of primary tumors does not address the prevalence of metastatic cells in the population
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Chapter
The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: relevance to biotherapy
Metastasis — the spread of malignant tumor cells from a primary neoplasm to distant parts of the body where they multiply to form new growths — is a major cause of death from cancer. The treatment of cancer po...
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Article
Evidence for the causal role of endogenous interferon-α/β in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of cutaneous neoplasms
Primary tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis, which is determined by the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules. Interferon (IFN)-α and -β inhibit angiogenesis through downreg...
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Article
Stat1 negatively regulates angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and metastasis of tumor cells
Stat1 is deficient or inactive in many types of human tumors whereas some tumors have activated Stat1. Whether Stat1 affects tumor growth and metastasis is unclear. In the present study, we used Stat1 knockout...
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Chapter
Immunobiology of Cancer Metastasis
Once a diagnosis of cancer is established, the urgent question is whether it is localized or has already spread to regional lymph nodes and visceral organs. Despite improvements in early diagnosis, surgical te...
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Article
Blockade of NF-κB activity in human prostate cancer cells is associated with suppression of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis
Since the NF-κB/relA transcription factor is constitutively activated in human prostate cancer cells, we determined whether blocking NF-κB/relA activity in human prostate cancer cells affected their angiogenes...
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Article
Chemotherapeutic drugs—more really is not better
Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process of metastasis and the complex interactions between metastatic cells and host factors have provided a biological foundation for the design...
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Article
Mekk3 is essential for early embryonic cardiovascular development
The early development of blood vessels consists of two phases, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which involve distinct and also overlap** molecular regulators, but the intracellular signal transduction pathw...
