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Open AccessGut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes induced by nicotine administration
The gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor that potentially influences various physiological functions and pathophysiological processes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evi...
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Article
Open Access3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid contributes to improved hepatic lipid metabolism via GPR41
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (HMPA) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota through the conversion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), which is a widely distributed hydroxycinnam...
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Article
Open AccessHigh body temperature increases gut microbiota-dependent host resistance to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Fever is a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet its physiological role in host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice t...
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Article
A bacterial sulfoglycosidase highlights mucin O-glycan breakdown in the gut ecosystem
Mucinolytic bacteria modulate host–microbiota symbiosis and dysbiosis through their ability to degrade mucin O-glycans. However, how and to what extent bacterial enzymes are involved in the breakdown process rema...
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Article
Open AccessImpact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition
The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dy...
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Article
Open AccessCommensal microbe-derived acetate suppresses NAFLD/NASH development via hepatic FFAR2 signalling in mice
Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and it can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Alterations in the gut microbiome have been implicated in th...
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Article
Acetate differentially regulates IgA reactivity to commensal bacteria
The balance between bacterial colonization and its containment in the intestine is indispensable for the symbiotic relationship between humans and their bacteria. One component to maintain homeostasis at the m...
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Article
Open AccessBifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 modulates host energy metabolism via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites derived from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, are important for host metabolic health. There is interest in probiotics for their b...
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Article
Open AccessDietary short-chain fatty acid intake improves the hepatic metabolic condition via FFAR3
Fermented foods represent a significant portion of human diets with several beneficial effects. Foods produced by bacterial fermentation are enriched in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are functional pr...
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Article
Open AccessGut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids
Gut microbiota mediates the effects of diet, thereby modifying host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Increased consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is abundant in W...
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Article
GPR31-dependent dendrite protrusion of intestinal CX3CR1+ cells by bacterial metabolites
Small intestinal mononuclear cells that express CX3CR1 (CX3CR1+ cells) regulate immune responses1–5. CX3CR1+ cells take up luminal antigens by protruding their dendrites into the lumen1–4,6. However, it remains u...
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Article
Adenosine triphosphate suppresses urea-induced denaturation of shark myosin calcium adenosine triphosphatase
Elasmobranchs, such as sharks, retain large amounts of urea in their body, but shark muscle proteins are not denatured by urea in vivo. There are two hypotheses regarding biosystems in the quenching of urea. O...
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Article
Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance
Chronic morphine exposure upregulates adenylate cyclase signaling and reduces analgesic efficacy, a condition known as opioid tolerance. Nonopioid neurotransmitters can enhance morphine tolerance, but the mech...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
GPR41/FFAR3
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Article
Open AccessMembrane progesterone receptor beta (mPRβ/Paqr8) promotes progesterone-dependent neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells via non-G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling
Recently, sex steroid membrane receptors garnered world-wide attention because they may be related to sex hormone-mediated unknown rapid non-genomic action that cannot be currently explained by their genomic a...
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Book
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Anti-Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Free Fatty Acid Receptors
Chronic low-grade inflammation in macrophages and adipose tissues can promote the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Free fatty acids (FFAs) have important roles in various tissues, acting as both ess...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
GPR41/FFAR3
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Article
Suppressive effect of ATP on the denaturation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+)-ATPase from southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii and its biochemical properties
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was prepared from ordinary white muscle of southern bluefin tuna. The chymotryptic digestibility, pH and temperature dependent Ca2+-ATPase activity of SR, as well as the thermal and fr...
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Article
Open AccessDeletion of the Neurotrophic Factor neudesin Prevents Diet-induced Obesity by Increased Sympathetic Activity
Some neurotrophic factors, which are potent regulators of neuronal development and function, have recently been implicated in the control of energy balance by increasing energy expenditure. We previously ident...
