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Article
The Effect of Intranasal Administration of Gangliosides on the Viability of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons in Rat Two-Vessel Occlusion Model of Forebrain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Intranasal administration of total bovine brain gangliosides (6 mg/kg) to rats protected the CA1 hippocampal neurons from the death caused by two-vessel occlusion model (with hypotension) of forebrain ischemia...
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Article
Intranasal Insulin Administration to Rats with Forebrain Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Reduces Autophagy and Apoptosis Intensity in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex, a Possible Mechanism of Action
Rat forebrain ischemia followed by a 3-day reperfusion led to an increase in the levels of the autophagic marker LC3B-II and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as caspase-3 activation, in the hipp...
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Article
Intranasal Insulin and Gangliosides Correct Cognitive Impairments and Signaling Pathways in the Hippocampus of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin controls both systemic glucose homeostasis and functional brain activity. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), insulin content and the activity of the insulin signaling system in the brain decreases, cau...
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Article
Neuroprotective Effect of Insulin on Rat Cortical Neurons in Oxidative Stress Is Mediated by Autophagy and Apoptosis Inhibition in vitro
Although insulin is one of the most promising neuroprotectors, it is still unknown whether it is able to prevent autophagic neuronal cell death. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of autophagy...
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Article
Intranasal Insulin Decreases Autophagic and Apoptotic Death of Neurons in the Rat Hippocampal C1 Region and Frontal Cortex under Forebrain Ischemia–Reperfusion
The development of approaches to therapy of ischemic brain injuries requires a better insight into the mechanisms that regulate both apoptotic and autophagic death of neurons. Under a strong ischemic (or other...
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Article
Protective and Antioxidant Effects of Insulin on Rat Brain Cortical Neurons in an in vitro Model of Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation
Insulin is one of the most promising protectors in the treatment of neurodegenerative and other diseases associated with brain injuries. In these diseases, brain insulin levels, in contrast to its blood levels...
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Article
Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Hypothalamic Signaling and Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Genes in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The insulin signaling system in hypothalamic neurons plays an important role in the central regulation of glucose metabolism, feeding behavior, and tissue sensitivity to insulin. A decrease in the brain insuli...
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Article
Open AccessDevelopment of Low-Molecular-Weight Allosteric Agonist of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor with Thyroidogenic Activity
To normalize the thyroid status in hypothyroidism caused by resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), low-molecular-weight allosteric agonists of TSH receptor can be used. A new compound ethyl-2-(4-(4-(...
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Article
The Study of Biological Activity of a New Thieno[2,3-D]-Pyrimidine-Based Neutral Antagonist of Thyrotropin Receptor
The development of low-molecular-weight antagonists of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor is a promising trend in the treatment of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. We studied the effect of thieno[2,3-d]-pyr...
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Article
Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Metabolic Parameters and Activity of the Hepatic Insulin System in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin regulates glucose metabolism via both direct hormone interactions with its signaling system and glucose transporters in cells of peripheral tissues and indirectly through the central nervous system. In...
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Article
Insulin and Brain Gangliosides Prevent Metabolic Disorders Caused by Activation of Free Radical Reactions after Two-Vessel Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury to the Rat Forebrain
The ability of insulin and gangliosides, administered separately or jointly, to increase the viability of cultured brain cortical neurons under conditions of oxidative stress and to normalize metabolic disorde...
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Article
The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on Viability of PC12 Cells during Oxidative Stress and Expression of Genes Encoding Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Mitochondrial Proteins, SOD2 and Transcription Factors NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM
Long-term (18 h) preincubation with an antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) both at micromolar and nanomolar concentrations was shown to increase the viability of the PC12 neuronal cell line exposed to oxida...
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Article
The Influence of Intranasally Administered Insulin and C-peptide on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity, Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis Markers in the Hypothalamus of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Most important factors leading to the development of diabetic encephalopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are impaired energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as activation of apoptosis in ...
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Article
Characteristics of Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in the Cortex of Old Rats in Conditions of Two-Vessel Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion
The success of studies on the neuroprotective properties of compounds depends on the used model of diseases of the central nervous system on animals. The approaches widely used to model cerebral ischemia/reper...
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Article
Intranasal Administration of Insulin and Gangliosides Improves Spatial Memory in Rats with Neonatal Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
We analyzed the effects of intranasal administration of insulin (0.48 U/rat) and gangliosides (6 mg/kg) on spatial memory in rats with the neonatal model of the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The development of dia...
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Article
Effect of Insulin on Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Levels in a Two-Vessel Occlusion Model of Rat Forebrain Ischemia Followed by Reperfusion
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Article
4-oxo-1,4-dihydrocinnoline Derivative with Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor Activity Enhances Leptin Signal Transduction in Hypothalamic Neurons
Most of regulatory effects of leptin on feeding behavior and energy metabolism are implemented via the hypothalamic leptin system. Attenuation of its activity leads to hyperphagia, obesity and other metabolic ...
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Article
Insulin Administration Prevents Accumulation of Conjugated Dienes and Trienes and Inactivation of Na+, K+-ATPase in the Rat Cerebral Cortex during Two-Vessel Forebrain Ischemia and Reperfusion
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Article
Insulin Increases Viability of Neurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Normalizes Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio under Conditions of Oxidative Stress
We studied the protective effect of insulin in various concentrations and its effect on the Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio in neurons of rat cerebral cortex under conditions of oxidative stress. The protective effect of ins...
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Article
Protective Effect of Insulin on Rat Cortical Neurons in Oxidative Stress and Its Dependence on Modulation of Protein Kinase B (Akt) Activity
Clinical trials of insulin and experiments on its intranasal administration to animals suggest that this hormone can be efficient in treating human neurodegenerative and some other diseases associated with bra...
