Practical Inorganic Chemistry
Preparations, reactions and instrumental methods
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Geoffrey Pass B.Sc., Ph.D.
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Oxo-acids and oxo-acid salts
The oxo-acids and oxo-acid salts of boron and the elements of groups IV–VII of the periodic table, from the second short period onwards, contain anions which can be considered as based on MO x ...
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Coordination chemistry II: stereochemistry
The study of isomerism in coordination compounds is of considerable interest since by determining the number and type of isomers for a variety of different compounds Werner was able to make his classic deducti...
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The elements of the first transition series
The reactions described below are designed to illustrate some of the chemistry of the elements of the first transition series. The majority of the reactions selected can be carried out on a test tube scale. Th...
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Chemistry in non-aqueous solvents
Many chemical reactions require a suitable solvent. Water is the solvent of choice in inorganic chemistry, although in organic chemistry other solvents are more often used.
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Coordination chemistry I: typical compounds
The reaction between two or more independently stable molecules to give a stable product with its own characteristic properties has been known for many years. The ammine complexes formed between ammonia and co...
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High vacuum techniques in chemistry
The work described in this chapter is designed to introduce students to the use, advantages, and limitations of high vacuum techniques in chemistry.
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Double salts
A double salt, unlike a clathrate compound, will have a definite stoichiometry. Provided the starting proportions of the separate salts comprising the double salt are kept within certain limits, the compound w...
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Potentiometric titrations
Visual methods for the determination of end points in volumetric analysis are not always satisfactory and in some cases cannot be used at all. This may be due to a variety of causes such as:
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Separation techniques
The product from a chemical reaction may be contaminated by other products which arise due to simultaneous side reactions. Therefore it is necessary to develop methods of separating the desired product in a pu...
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Typical elements
These elements have by definition no incompletely filled d or f orbitals, and the valence electrons are located in sand porbitals. The reactions included are designed to illustrate points in the chemistry of a gi...
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Electrochemical oxidation and reduction
The electrode reactions which occur when a solution of an ionic solute is electrolyzed involve the gain of electrons by an ion at the cathode, and the loss of electrons by an ion at the anode. The primary elec...
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High temperature reactions
The general type of reaction considered here involves heating an element or compound in a gas stream. The solid material, in a suitably inert container, is placed in a reaction tube which is heated by a tube f...
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Homogeneous catalysis
Transition metal ions can be used to catalyse oxidation reactions. In such reactions the catalytic effect depends on the ability of the transition metal ion to exist in more than one oxidation state in solutio...
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The preparation of some manganese compounds
A characteristic property of the transition elements is the ability of an element to exist in a number of different oxidation states. Manganese has oxidation states from — III to +VII. The lower oxidation stat...
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Inorganic polymers
Organic polymers have been known for a considerable time and include such compounds as polythene, polymethylmethacrylate (‘Perspex’), polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.), and nylon. In general terms a polymer is a com...
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Clathrate compounds
A distinction should be drawn between the reaction of two or more independently stable molecules to form a third stable molecule in which a coordination complex is produced, and apparently similar reactions in...
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Inert atmosphere techniques
The preparation and manipulation of certain inorganic compounds requires the use of an inert atmosphere. Inert often implies that the atmosphere is free from water and oxygen. The reactions are carried out in ...
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Magnetic measurements
The study of materials placed in a magnetic field reveals two types of behaviour. Substances which tend to move from a stronger to a weaker part of the applied field, are referred to as diamagnetic. Substances...
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The stabilization of oxidation states
When an element can exist in more than one oxidation state in aqueous solution each oxidation state will have a different thermodynamic stability. The relative stability of two oxidation states in aqueous solu...
