20 Result(s)
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Article
Stimulant medications in children with ADHD normalize the structure of brain regions associated with attention and reward
Children with ADHD show abnormal brain function and structure. Neuroimaging studies found that stimulant medications may improve brain structural abnormalities in children with ADHD. However, prior studies on ...
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Article
Open AccessBrain connectivity changes to fast versus slow dopamine increases
The rewarding effects of stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (MP) depend crucially on how fast they raise dopamine in the brain. Yet how the rate of drug-induced dopamine increases impacts brain network co...
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Disrupted brain state dynamics in opioid and alcohol use disorder: attenuation by nicotine use
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with long-lasting changes in brain intrinsic networks. While most research to date has focused on static functional connectivity, less is known abou...
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Open AccessBrain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions
Obesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating ev...
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Open AccessSex differences in methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases in ventral striatum
Sex differences in the prevalence of dopamine-related neuropsychiatric diseases and in the sensitivity to dopamine-boosting drugs such as stimulants is well recognized. Here we assessed whether there are sex d...
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Open AccessNaloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the neurobiology of reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updat...
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Article
Open AccessSleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder
Sleep disturbances are prominent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predict relapse. So far, the mechanisms underlying sleep disruptions in AUD are poorly understood. Because sleep-related regions...
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Article
Striatal Rgs4 regulates feeding and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity
Consumption of high fat, high sugar (western) diets is a major contributor to the current high levels of obesity. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underl...
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Article
Methylphenidate’s effects on thalamic metabolism and functional connectivity in cannabis abusers and healthy controls
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line treatment for ADHD and is also misused as a purported cognitive enhancer, yet its effects on brain function are still poorly understood. Recent functional magnetic resonan...
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Article
Correction: Striato-cortical tracts predict 12-h abstinence-induced lapse in smokers
The original version of this article contained an error in the affiliation of Dahua Yu, which was incorrectly stated as affiliation 3 (Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Edu...
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Article
Open AccessExpectation effects on brain dopamine responses to methylphenidate in cocaine use disorder
The response to drugs of abuse is affected by expectation, which is modulated in part by dopamine (DA), which encodes for a reward prediction error. Here we assessed the effect of expectation on methylphenidat...
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Article
Striato-cortical tracts predict 12-h abstinence-induced lapse in smokers
Striatal circuit dysfunction is implicated in smoking behaviors and lapses during abstinence attempts. However, little is known about whether the structural connectivity of striatal tracts can be used to predi...
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Article
Open AccessInfluence of alcoholism and cholesterol on TSPO binding in brain: PET [11C]PBR28 studies in humans and rodents
Neuroinflammation appears to contribute to neurotoxicity observed with heavy alcohol consumption. To assess whether chronic alcohol results in neuroinflammation we used PET and [11C]PBR28, a ligand that binds to ...
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Article
Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Availability Varies Across Smoking Status
To assess how tobacco smoking status affects baseline dopamine D2/D3 (D2R) receptor availability and methylphenidate-induced dopamine (DA) release, we retrospectively analyzed D2R availability measures of 8 cu...
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Article
Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Comprises a Metabolic–Cognitive Brain Interface Regulating Metabolic Components of Glucose Reinforcement
Appetitive drive is influenced by coordinated interactions between brain circuits that regulate reinforcement and homeostatic signals that control metabolism. Glucose modulates striatal dopamine (DA) and regul...
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Cannabis Abusers Show Hypofrontality and Blunted Brain Responses to a Stimulant Challenge in Females but not in Males
The extent to which cannabis is deleterious to the human brain is not well understood. Here, we test whether cannabis abusers (CA) have impaired frontal function and reactivity to dopaminergic signaling, which...
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Open AccessEvidence that Formulations of the Selective MAO-B Inhibitor, Selegiline, which Bypass First-Pass Metabolism, also Inhibit MAO-A in the Human Brain
Selegiline (L-deprenyl) is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) at the conventional dose (10 mg/day oral) that is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, controlled...
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Article
Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase-A (RIMAs): Robust, Reversible Inhibition of Human Brain MAO-A by CX157
Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) inhibit the breakdown of three major neurotransmitters, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, offering a multi-neurotransmitter strategy for the treatment ...
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Article
Erratum: The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment
Correction to: Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 21 May 2008; doi:10.1038/npp.2008.60 In this article, there are errors published in the abstract; in Tables 1 and 2; and on pages 2, 3, 6, 7, ...
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Article
The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment
Individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) form a heterogeneous group, making sensitive neuropsychological (NP) comparisons with healthy individuals difficult. The current study examined the effects ...
