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Article
Stimulant medications in children with ADHD normalize the structure of brain regions associated with attention and reward
Children with ADHD show abnormal brain function and structure. Neuroimaging studies found that stimulant medications may improve brain structural abnormalities in children with ADHD. However, prior studies on ...
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Article
Open AccessBrain connectivity changes to fast versus slow dopamine increases
The rewarding effects of stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (MP) depend crucially on how fast they raise dopamine in the brain. Yet how the rate of drug-induced dopamine increases impacts brain network co...
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Article
Disrupted brain state dynamics in opioid and alcohol use disorder: attenuation by nicotine use
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with long-lasting changes in brain intrinsic networks. While most research to date has focused on static functional connectivity, less is known abou...
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Article
Open AccessNeural circuit selective for fast but not slow dopamine increases in drug reward
The faster a drug enters the brain, the greater its addictive potential, yet the brain circuits underlying the rate dependency to drug reward remain unresolved. With simultaneous PET-fMRI we linked dynamics of...
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Article
Open AccessBrain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions
Obesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating ev...
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Article
Open AccessTime-varying SUVr reflects the dynamics of dopamine increases during methylphenidate challenges in humans
Dopamine facilitates cognition and is implicated in reward processing. Methylphenidate, a dopamine transporter blocker widely used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, can have rewarding and addi...
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Article
Open AccessStriatal D1 and D2 receptor availability are selectively associated with eye-blink rates after methylphenidate treatment
Eye-blink rate has been proposed as a biomarker of the brain dopamine system, however, findings have not been consistent. This study assessed the relationship between blink rates, measured after oral placebo) ...
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Article
Long-term changes in insula-mesolimbic structural and functional connectivity in obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Brain imaging studies have shown insula-related functional and structural abnormalities in patients with obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is currently an effective procedure for treating obesity, which...
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Article
Alterations in Functional and Structural Connectivity of Basal Ganglia Network in Patients with Obesity
Obesity is related to overconsumption of high-calorie (HiCal) food, which is modulated by brain reward and inhibitory control circuitries. The basal ganglia (BG) are a key set of nuclei within the reward circu...
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Open AccessCortical D1 and D2 dopamine receptor availability modulate methylphenidate-induced changes in brain activity and functional connectivity
Dopamine signaling plays a critical role in sha** brain functional network organization and behavior. Prominent theories suggest the relative expression of D1- to D2-like dopamine receptors shapes excitatory...
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Article
Open AccessSex differences in methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases in ventral striatum
Sex differences in the prevalence of dopamine-related neuropsychiatric diseases and in the sensitivity to dopamine-boosting drugs such as stimulants is well recognized. Here we assessed whether there are sex d...
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Article
Contrasting dorsal caudate functional connectivity patterns between frontal and temporal cortex with BMI increase: link to cognitive flexibility
Obesity is associated with brain intrinsic functional reorganization. However, little is known about the BMI-related interhemispheric functional connectivity (IHFC) alterations, and their link with executive f...
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Article
Open AccessNaloxone precipitated withdrawal increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of opioid dependent men
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is critical in the neurobiology of reward and aversion, but its contribution to the aversive state of opioid withdrawal remains unknown in humans. To address this, we used updat...
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Article
Open AccessSleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder
Sleep disturbances are prominent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predict relapse. So far, the mechanisms underlying sleep disruptions in AUD are poorly understood. Because sleep-related regions...
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Article
Conscious and unconscious brain responses to food and cocaine cues
Visual presentation of appetitive and negative cues triggers fast responses in the human brain. Here we assessed functional MRI (fMRI) responses to food, cocaine, and neutral cues presented at a subliminal (“u...
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Article
Striatal Rgs4 regulates feeding and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity
Consumption of high fat, high sugar (western) diets is a major contributor to the current high levels of obesity. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underl...
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Article
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy improves brain connectivity in obese patients
Obese individuals have shown functional abnormalities in frontal–limbic regions, and bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate how bariatric surger...
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Article
Bariatric surgery induces alterations in effective connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and limbic regions in obese patients
Obese subjects show enhanced brain responses in motivation and reward neurocircuitry encompassing sensory and somatic integration-interception, motivation-reward (striatal), emotion, and memory processes, whic...
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Article
Neuroimaging of inflammation in alcohol use disorder: a review
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health concern associated with several comorbidities. Various health problems related to AUD, such as cognitive deficits, have been linked to neuroinflammation. Alcohol u...
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Article
Open AccessInhibition of food craving is a metabolically active process in the brain in obese men
Obesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control over food intake. We hypothesized that the neural circuitry underlying inhibition of food craving would be impaired in obesity. Here we assessed whether o...
