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Article
One cell–one antibody: prelude and aftermath
This year marks the 50th anniversary of Burnet's clonal selection theory. Here Gustav Nossal recounts his pioneering work that supported Burnet's theory and led to the death of the direct template hypothesis.
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Article
Mentors and manipulation
How Nobel assistance helped a young researcher test a crazy idea.
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Article
A healthier climate for the funding of vaccine research
Vaccination is a marvel of scientific endeavor that benefits the masses. Yet the laissez-faire economy may not provide a sufficient push for vaccine research and development. The current climate that drives th...
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Article
A purgative mastery
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Chapter
Affinity Maturation of the Primary Response by V Gene Diversification
A key feature of the primary immune response to T cell-dependent antigens is the increase in the average affinity of antigen-specific antibody during the course of the response (Eisen and Siskind 1964; Siskind an...
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Article
Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells
GERMINAL centres are dynamic microenvironments of B-lympho-cyte differentiation, which develop in secondary lymphoid tissues during immune responses1-3. Within germinal centres, activated B lymphocytes proliferat...
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Article
How to stop bad B cells
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Immunological Tolerance Revisited in the Molecular Era
This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, Australia; by Grant AI-03958 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, United States Public Health S...
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Article
Autoimmune tolerance and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
The autoimmune process that results in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus may be viewed as a failure to develop or maintain tolerance to self-antigens expressed in the islets of Langerhans. During T-...
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Article
Molecular characterization of single memory B cells
PRIMARY antigenic exposure results in an initial antibody response and the T cell-dependent induction of B-cell memory1,2. Memory B-cell differentiation is characterized by somatic hypermutation in antibody varia...
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Article
Interleukins 4 and 5 control expression of IL-2 receptor on murine B cells through independent induction of its two chains
RESTING B cells express few, if any, receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2), whereas activated B cells can express receptors for and respond to IL-2 (refs 1, 2). IL-2 receptors can exist on the cell surface in thr...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Functional Clonal Deletion and Suppression as Complementary Mechanisms in T Lymphocyte Tolerance
Immunology is frequently the prisoner of its own semantics. Evolution designed an immune system equipped to recognize all foreign antigens, the structure of which it cannot know in advance. The solution involv...
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Article
Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (1899–1985)
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Article
Perspectives on the regulatory biology of the B lymphocyte
B lymphocytes with receptors specific for a particular hapten have been prepared through an antigen-affinity procedure. Methods have been developed for the clonal stimulation of these cellsin vitro, with a single...
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Chapter
World Endemic Disease
Parasitic diseases are rampant throughout the world. In 1976, according to WHO estimates, 1.2 billion people lived in areas where malaria continued to flourish despite some programs for control in areas where ...
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Chapter
Differentiation of B Cells and the Clonal Abortion Theory
During the early years of research on immunological tolerance (1), it was generally believed that induction of the phenomenon could only be achieved in embryonic or very young animals, implying a special susce...
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Chapter
General Summary
How well have we fulfilled the main trends set for the conference?
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Chapter
Introduction
I wish to take as a theme for my brief opening remarks the provocative title of a recent paper by Dr. H. Mayer, Director of the Bureau of Biologics of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. He a...
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Article
Growth of B lymphocyte colonies in vitro from mouse lymphoid organs
TECHNIQUES now exist for obtaining clonal growth in semi-solid agar of mouse neutrophil, macrophage, eosinophil, erythropoietic and megakaryocytic colonies1–5. Previous attempts to obtain colony formation by mous...
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Article
Antigen-Lokalisation bei congenitaler Thymus-Aplasie