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Open AccessDietary bile acid supplementation in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation improves colonic microbiota, metabolic activity, and epithelial function
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is one of the major constraints in animal production. Our previous study showed that piglets with IUGR are associated with abnormal bile acid (BA) metabolism. This study ...
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Lessons to Be Learned from Clinical and Experimental Research on the Intestinal Microbiota Metabolic Activity for Health Benefit and Perspectives
Although there is no doubt that numerous metabolites produced by the bacteria from alimentary compounds in the intestinal fluid are active, either positively or negatively, on the colon epithelium in terms of ...
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Intestine Offers Board and Lodging for Intestinal Microbes on a Short- or Long-Term Stay
The gut microbiota is a complex mixture of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. Approximately 150 different bacterial species can be identified at the individual level, but the heterogeneity of composition i...
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Alimentation, Bacterial Metabolites, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa with alternating relapse and remission episodes. During remission, the inflamed mucosa has the possibility to heal...
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Physiological and Metabolic Functions of the Intestinal Epithelium: From the Small to the Large Intestine
The intestinal epithelium in both the small and the large intestine represents a selective barrier between the luminal fluid and the bloodstream. This structure is rapidly renewed from the division of stem cel...
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Metabolism of Dietary Substrates by Intestinal Bacteria and Consequences for the Host Intestine
Numerous substrates from alimentary origin are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Their luminal concentrations are the net result of production, utilization, and absorption through the intestinal epithelium. U...
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Modification of the Bacterial Metabolites by the Host after Absorption, and Consequences for the Peripheral Tissues’ Metabolism, Physiology, and Physiopathology
After synthesis by the intestinal bacteria, several metabolites are absorbed and metabolized by host tissues giving rise to bioactive co-metabolites. In liver, some bacterial metabolites like trimethylamine, i...
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Open AccessIntrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with severely impaired nutrient metabolism and intestinal development of pigs. Our previous study found that IUGR altered intestinal microbiota and metaboli...
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Dietary amino acids and intestinal microbiota
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Dual effects of the tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolite indole on colonic epithelial cell metabolism and physiology: comparison with its co-metabolite indoxyl sulfate
Indole, which is produced by the intestinal microbiota from l-tryptophan, is recovered at millimolar concentrations in the human feces. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), the main indole co-metabolite, can be synthesized by t...
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Open AccessTolerable amounts of amino acids for human supplementation: summary and lessons from published peer-reviewed studies
Amino acid supplementation may be indicated to correct for insufficient amino acid intake in healthy individuals, and in specific physiological or pathophysiological situations. However, there is a concern to not...
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Tissue-specific effect of colitis on protein synthesis in mice: impact of the dietary protein content
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with an increase in the whole-body protein turnover, thus possibly requiring an additional supply of dietary proteins. Our aim was to evaluate whether increasing diet...
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Open AccessIntrauterine growth restriction alters growth performance, plasma hormones, and small intestinal microbial communities in growing-finishing pigs
The interaction of the gut microbiota with key metabolic and physiological processes may be associated with poor growth outcomes in animals born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
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Amino Acids in Intestinal Physiology and Health
Dietary protein digestion is an efficient process resulting in the absorption of amino acids by epithelial cells, mainly in the jejunum. Some amino acids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes supporting t...
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Open AccessDietary xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation alters gut microbial composition and activity in pigs according to age and dose
This study explored the effect of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on the gut microbial composition and activity in pigs of different ages. Eighty pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 30 ...
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Open AccessHyperosmolar environment and intestinal epithelial cells: impact on mitochondrial oxygen consumption, proliferation, and barrier function in vitro
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the in vitro short-term (2-h) and longer-term (24-h) effects of hyperosmolar media (500 and 680 mOsm/L) on intestinal epithelial cells using the human colonocyte Caco...
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Open AccessHaem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation
The World Health Organization classified processed and red meat consumption as “carcinogenic” and “probably carcinogenic”, respectively, to humans. Haem iron from meat plays a role in the promotion of colorect...
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Open AccessDietary supplementation with fermented Mao-tai lees beneficially affects gut microbiota structure and function in pigs
Gut microbiota positively contribute to livestock nutrition and metabolism. The manipulation of these microbes may improve animal health. Some feed additives improve livestock health and metabolism by regulati...
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Proanthocyanidin-containing polyphenol extracts from fruits prevent the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on human colonocyte oxygen consumption
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a metabolic end product synthesized by the microbiota from l-cysteine, has been shown to act at low micromolar concentration as a mineral oxidative substrate in colonocytes while acting as...
