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Meanings are interpreted, and what an interpretation amounts to depends on what logic we adopt. For analytic logic, ambiguity is a pathology to be avoided at all costs; therefore, a non-pathological carrier of...
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The Play of Logics
The selective attitude expressed by analytic formal logic, which disregards much of the content of what we say to concentrate on what it calls the form of discourse (and is nothing other than a portion of the con...
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Logic: A Contested Term
Logic is typically characterized as a (or the) theory of inference; but that characterization is a biased and restrictive one. Once we understand a logic, instead, as a theory of the logos—that is, of meaningful ...
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Negation
The most characteristic word of analytic logic is the adverb “not”; everything in this logic is defined by what it excludes; and the Principle of Non-Contradiction (which might be better called Principle of No...
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Mathematics
Mathematics is the most natural terrain for analytic logic; indeed, one way to think of analytic logic is that it conceives everything mathematically. Still, the other logics have an important, though generall...
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Analytic Logic
The theory of the logos that is typically considered the only existing logic and will be called here analytic logic is based on Aristotle’s work; in recent times it has gone through important developments, foremo...
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Oceanic Logic
Hegel called his form of reasoning “logic” and, though many analytic logicians would disagree with his use of the term and judge it illegitimate, one cannot deny that there is an important tradition supporting...
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Truth
Analytic logic is obsessed with kee** reasoning free from error, as is seen most clearly in the developments of the philosophy of mathematics between Frege’s work in the late nineteenth century and Gödel’s s...
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Infinity
For Aristotle, actual infinity is an absurdity: it is absurd to think of something that has no end and also comes to an end. (The cosmological argument, which he initiated, is based on this view.) Conventional...
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Dialectical Logic
In Hegel’s dialectical logic, arguments never come to an end, and continuing them often results in proving consequences contrary to what was proved before: by continuing an argument that proves the mortality o...
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Necessity
A logic is a normative theory, which states not how people do reason but how they should reason; so, in further articulating the differences among the three logics, it is best to start by considering how differen...
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Jaśkowski’s Universally Free Logic
A universally free logic is a system of quantification theory, with or without identity, whose theses remain logically true if (a) the domain of quantification is empty and (b) some of the singular terms prese...
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Book Series
Topoi Library
Volume 1 / 1999 to Volume 6 / 2005
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Free Logics
Some theorems of CQC =, such as those of the form
1 $$\exists x(x = \tau )$$ and2 ... -
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A Strange (?) Quantum World
My aim here is to develop a coherent philosophical stance on what is known as “the measurement problem” in quantum mechanics. My stance will not please everyone, but I suggest that this emotional reaction may ...
