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Article
Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination
Germinal centres (GC) are lymphoid structures in which B cells acquire affinity-enhancing somatic hypermutations (SHM), with surviving clones differentiating into memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived bone marr...
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Article
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-191–5. The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B cells induced by these vaccines in humans remain unclear. He...
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Article
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans
Long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) are a persistent and essential source of protective antibodies1–7. Individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 have a substantially lower risk of reinfection with SARS...