-
Article
Ketamine Self-Administration Reduces the Homeostasis of the Glutamate Synapse in the Rat Brain
Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA glutamate receptor with psychotomimetic and reinforcing properties, although recent work has pointed out its antidepressant action following acute exposure....
-
Article
Chronic effects of ketamine on gene expression changes in neurotransmitter receptors and regulators-A PCR-array study
Abuse of ketamine increased rapidly and chronic use of ketamine may result in dependence. We investigated the long-term effects of ketamine on anxiety like behaviors and gene expression changes in neurotransmi...
-
Article
Chronic ketamine treatment-induced changes in contractility characteristics of the mouse detrusor
To understand bladder contractility changes induced by chronic ketamine treatment, noting the prevalence of its abuse worldwide.
-
Article
Effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on Vascular Dementia and Angiogenesis
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a compound extracted from Chinese celery and is used as an anti-hypertensive herbal medicine for treating stroke patients. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects and me...
-
Article
β-sitosterol inhibits high cholesterol-induced platelet β-amyloid release
Recently, increasing evidence has linked high cholesterol to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that cholesterol may be a target for develo** new compounds to prevent or treat AD. Plant...
-
Article
Localization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A positive cells in the brainstems of control age-matched and Alzheimer individuals
Serotonin receptor 1A and 2A positive cells in postmortem brainstems were demonstrated via immunohistochemistry in eight control age-matched elderly individuals and eight Alzheimer patients. The 5-HT1A positiv...
-
Article
Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells
Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts, has been proposed to exert protective and trophic effects on neurons. However, mechanisms underlying the protective effects of bi...
-
Article
The difference in gliosis induced by β-amyloid and Tau treatments in astrocyte cultures derived from senescence accelerated and normal mouse strains
Astrocytes react to various neurodegenerative insults rapidly and undergo changes known as gliosis or astrogliosis. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a wall of reactive astrocytes surrounds senile plaques of β-amyl...
-
Article
Co-localization of hyperphosphorylated tau and caspases in the brainstem of Alzheimer’s disease patients
Hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated protein tau had limited studies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brainstem. We compared the distribution and number of neurons with hyperphosphorylated tau in two age ...
-
Article
Effects of Gingko Extract (EGb761) on oxidative damage under different conditions of serum supply
Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 is known to have multivalent properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis. In this study, we determined in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells effects of EGb761 ...
-
Article
Development of the human insular cortex: differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and appearance of 5HT-2A receptors
The development of the human insula was studied in the foetuses from 21 to 32 gestation weeks, using silver staining, immunohistochemistry of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), activated caspase-3, and...
-
Article
α-Crystallin Protected Axons from Optic Nerve Degeneration After Crushing in Rats
In mature mammals, optic nerve injury results in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. The literature confirms that lens injury enhances retinal ganglion cells survival, but the mechanism is not very clear. Usi...
-
Article
Cell death in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP8)
The cerebella of SAMP8 (accelerated aging mouse) and SAMR1 controls were analyzed by Western Blotting of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase, as well as by TUNEL and histological silver staining. B...
-
Article
Effects of genistein on hippocampal neurodegeneration of ovariectomized rats
To investigate the mechanism underlying the neurodegeneration of postmenopausal women, the effect of genistein on hippocampal neurodegeneration was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats. Thr...
-
Article
Changes of brain activity in the aged SAMP mouse
This study investigates characteristics of aging in the central nervous system of the senescence accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). We examined 3 and 10-months old senescence-accelerated-prone mice (SAMP8) for fu...
-
Article
Mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi of senescence-accelerated mice
Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) strains are useful models to understand the mechanisms of age-dependent degeneration. In this study, measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of platelets and t...
-
Article
Open AccessSerotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 receptors in the prefrontal cortex of Alzheimer and normal aging patients
It has been hypothesized that alterations of the serotonergic system contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD). Cellular expressions of the two serotonergic receptors 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 have...
-
Article
bcl2, bax and nestin in the brains of patients with neurodegeneration and those of normal aging
This study was conducted by employing specimens from the frontal cortices of Alzheimer, multiple-infarct dementia patients, and those of normal aging (age matched to patients). The objective was to evaluate an...
-
Article
The Postnatal Development of the Cerebellum— A fMRI and Silver Study
The aim of this study was to evaluate the postnatal development of the cerebella of the pig and to compare this with the activation of the fMRI. The cells in the cerebella were studied by silver technique and ...
-
Article
A fMRI Study of Age-Related Differential Cortical Patterns During Cued Motor Movement
Healthy adults of three age groups (young, middle-age and older) were cued by a multimedia projector to perform a series of simple (making a fist, opening/closing of the mouth) and complex (opposition of index...
