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Article
Open AccessDOCU-CLIM: A global documentary climate dataset for climate reconstructions
Documentary climate data describe evidence of past climate arising from predominantly written historical documents such as diaries, chronicles, newspapers, or logbooks. Over the past decades, historians and cl...
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Article
Open AccessThe Treatise on Waters by Cornaro (1560) and a quantitative assessment of the historical sea surges “Acqua Alta” in Venice
In the sixteenth century, Cornaro wrote a Treatise on Waters with personal observations and conclusions regarding the Lagoon of Venice, e.g., the sea level rise over the centuries, the difference between normal t...
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Article
Open AccessRecovering, correcting, and reconstructing precipitation data affected by gaps and irregular readings: The Padua series from 1812 to 1864
The aim of this work is to reconstruct the 1812–1864 period of the Padua precipitation series at the daily level, using a local precipitation Log. Missing readings, cumulative amounts, and gaps often affect ea...
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Article
A discussion on sea level rise, rate ad acceleration. Venice as a case study
The paper discusses the equations used to represent the sea level rise, and in particular the second-order polynomial, generally preferred because its second-order coefficient is related to acceleration. The l...
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Article
Open AccessA comparison between different methods to fill gaps in early precipitation series
The aim of this work is to analyse and compare different methodologies to fill gaps in early precipitation series, and to evaluate which time resolution is reachable, i.e. monthly or daily one. The following m...
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Article
How the rain-gauge threshold affects the precipitation frequency and amount
After an overview of the problems concerning the early rain-gauges and their thresholds, a study is made to investigate the impact that the instrumental threshold of a rain-gauge has on the distribution of pre...
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Article
Four centuries of documentary sources concerning the sea level rise in Venice
Four centuries of written documentary sources concerning sea level rise (SLR) in Venice are analysed to complete the study of potential proxies. This literature has been useful to advance knowledge in history ...
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Article
From time frames to temperature bias in temperature series
The article offers an overview of the time frames used in instrumental series and how to transform them into modern units. In the early instrumental period, time was measured with sundials or mechanical clocks...
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Article
Daily temperature observations in Florence at the mid-eighteenth century: the Martini series (1756–1775)
In the framework of the meteorological observations in Florence after the Medici Network (1654–1670), the earliest surviving record by Pietro Gaetano Grifoni (1751–1766) was followed and partially overlapped b...
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Article
Key problems in early wine-spirit thermometers and the “true Réaumur” thermometer
The main problems of early wine-spirit thermometers, with special reference to the eighteenth century, are considered with a holistic approach based on historical sources, physical mechanisms, and mathematical...
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Article
The earliest temperature record in Paris, 1658–1660, by Ismaël Boulliau, and a comparison with the contemporary series of the Medici Network (1654–1670) in Florence
The earliest temperature series in Paris, from May 1658 to September 1660, taken by Boulliau is made available at daily resolution after a careful work of homogenization, correction and calculation of the aver...
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Article
Three centuries of daily precipitation in Padua, Italy, 1713–2018: history, relocations, gaps, homogeneity and raw data
Long instrumental records are fundamental to study climate changes, but their reliability and quality have to be checked before any statistical research. Moreover, when metadata are used to solve some problems...
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Article
Temperature observations in Florence, Italy, after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751–1766)
This paper deals with the earliest meteorological observations in Florence after the Medici Network (1654–1670), i.e., from mid-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century, and puts them in the context of the histor...
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Article
Relationship between selected percentiles and return periods of extreme events
This paper investigates the relationship between selected percentiles, return periods and the concepts of rare and extreme events in climate and hydrological series, considering both regular and irregular data...
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Article
Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years
There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way1. Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Urban Climate and Health: Two Strictly Connected Topics in the History of Meteorology
In the history of meteorology, urban climate and health were strictly related to each other. After the discovery of the first liquid-in-glass thermometer (1641) able to provide accurate and repeatable readings...
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Article
The Beccari series of precipitation in Bologna, Italy, from 1723 to 1765
The precipitation record taken by J.B. Beccari in Bologna from 1723 to 1765, with three observations a day, has been recovered from the original Logs and analysed. Although metadata are scarce or even missing,...
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Article
A critical analysis of one standard and five methods to monitor surface wetness and time-of-wetness
Surface wetness is a synergistic factor to determine atmospheric corrosion, monument weathering, mould growth, sick buildings, etc. However, its detection and monitoring are neither easy nor homogeneous, for a...
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Chapter
Evidence from the Archives of Societies: Early Instrumental Observations
This chapter defines early instrumental observations and explains their significance for climate reconstruction. It also addresses their problems and explains how best to work with them. The chapter sections d...
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Article
A novel proxy and the sea level rise in Venice, Italy, from 1350 to 2014
The evolution of relative sea level (RSL) in Venice, Italy, is crucial for the safeguarding of the city and it is now possible to extend our knowledge back to 1350, including the whole Little Ice Age and moder...
