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Article
Open AccessBreast epithelial cell proliferation is markedly increased with short-term high levels of endogenous estrogen secondary to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Oocyte donors have high serum estradiol (E2) levels similar to the serum levels seen in the first trimester of pregnancy. We report in this article our studies comparing cell proliferation, Ki67 (MIB1), and es...
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Article
Progesterone and estrogen receptors in pregnant and premenopausal non-pregnant normal human breast
We report here our studies of nuclear staining for the progesterone and estrogen receptors (PRA, PRB, ERα) and cell proliferation (MIB1) in the breast terminal duct lobular unit epithelium of 26 naturally cycl...
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Article
Future possibilities in the prevention of breast cancer: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists
The cyclic production of estrogen and progesterone by the premenopausal ovary accounts for the steep rise in breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. These hormones are breast cell mitogens. By reducing expo...
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Article
Phase I study of AG2034, a targeted GARFT inhibitor, administered once every 3 weeks
Purpose: To identify a recommended phase II dose for the second generation glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GARFT) inhibitor, AG2034, administered by intravenous bolus every 3 weeks without folate supp...
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Article
Weekly lometrexol with daily oral folic acid is appropriate for phase II evaluation
Purpose: Lometrexol [(6R)-5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate] is the prototype folate antimetabolite that targets the de novo purine synthesis pathway. Early phase I trials were confounded by cumulative myelo...
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Chapter
Trial of Ovarian Suppression for Protection
There is irrefutable evidence that ovarian hormones are intimately involved in the genesis of breast cancer and the protective effect of early menopause has been well documented. Natural menopause occurring be...
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Chapter
Oral Contraceptives and Cancer
Combination-type oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, but increase the risk of liver cancer, and may increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer. Anal...
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Article
Breast cancer prevention through modulation of endogenous hormones
The use of exogenous sex-steroids for hormonal contraception is important to the way of life of many modern women. The widespread use of hormonal contraceptives represents a unique opportunity to have a substa...
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Article
Low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 and low-dose cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer
We undertook a preliminary study to examine the response rate of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in patients with advanced measurable breast cancer, in a phase II clinical trial. The regimen we utilized was ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Endogenous Estrogen and Progesterone as the Major Determinants of Breast Cancer Risk: Prospects for Control by ‘Natural’ and ‘Technological’ Means
Studies over the last 20 years of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, and of normal breast and endometrial tissue, have now provided us with a sufficient understanding of the etiology of these cancers to...