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Article
Improved oxidation resistance of group VB refractory metals by Al+ ion implantation
Aluminum ion implantation of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum improved the metals’ oxidation resistances at 500 °C and 735 °C. Implanted vanadium oxidized only to one-third the extent of unimplanted vanadium wh...
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Article
Sputter-induced pits on {100} nickel surfaces
Nickel (Ni+) ions of 180 keV energy im**ing on {100} faces of nickel single crystals produce sputtered surfaces. Examination of these surfaces exposed to fluences up to 8 X 1017 ions/cm2 and at temperatures bet...
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Article
The effects of yttrium ion implantation on the oxidation of nickel-chromium alloys. I. The microstructures of yttrium implanted nickel-chromium alloys
Yttrium ions of 150 keV energy were implanted into the alloys Ni-20Cr, Ni-4Cr, and into nickel. The microstructures were then characterized using transmission electron microscopy, selected area channeling patt...
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Article
The effects of yttrium ion implantation on the oxidation of nickel-chromium alloys. II. Oxidation of yttrium implanted Ni-20Cr
Yttrium ions were implanted into an alloy of nickel containing 20 wt.% chromium. The oxidation weight gains of the implanted alloy, as well as unimplanted Ni-20Cr, were measured in 1 atm. of oxygen at temperat...
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Article
Improving tantalum's oxidation resistance by Al+ ion implantation
Tantalum was implanted with 180 keV Al+ ions to fluences up to 3×1018 Al+/cm2. Subsequent microchemical and microstructural observations showed that an amorphous layer covered the surface and extended to depths n...
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Article
Silicon-Nickel Compounds by Ion Implantation
Compounds of silicon and nickel have been formed by implanting silicon ions into nickel at various fluences and temperatures. Temperature during implantation is a major factor controlling implanted ion concent...
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Article
Microstructural Developments During Implantation of Metals
The chemical and microstructural changes caused by the direct implantation of solutes into metals are examined. The particular case involving Al+-ion implantation into nickel is treated in detail. Chemical compos...
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Article
Metallurgical Surfaces Produced by Ion Implantation
Ion implantation, the process of embedding ions accelerated through high voltages, is described as a metallurgical tool for altering surface microstructure and properties. Examples of applications to improve r...
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Article
Effects of oxygen addition on the void-swelling behavior of vanadium
Vanadium-ion irradiation of vanadium alloys containing 1 to 4 at. pct O in solid solution was used to investigate void swelling at temperatures from 550 to 905°C. Voids were observed at all temperatures for V-...
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Article
Interstitial ordering and precipitation in dilute Ta-O alloys at 100 to 270°C
Dilute solid solutions of bulk tantalum containing up to 4 at. pct oxygen were aged at tem-peratures from 100 to 270°C. The formation of the most dilute suboxide was monitored using transmission-electron micro...
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Article
Phase equilibria in the metal-rich side of the Ta-N system
The region of the Ta−N system with nitrogen content less than 20 at. pct and temperature between 350° and 1200°C was investigated using electron microscopy and diffraction and X-ray diffraction. For temperatur...