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Article
GLE and Sub-GLE Redefinition in the Light of High-Altitude Polar Neutron Monitors
The conventional definition of ground-level enhancement (GLE) events requires a detection of solar energetic particles (SEP) by at least two differently located neutron monitors. Some places are exceptionally ...
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Chapter
Solar Cycle in the Heliosphere and Cosmic Rays
Manifestations of the 11-year solar cycle and longer time-scale variability in the heliosphere and cosmic rays are considered. We briefly review the cyclic variability of such heliospheric parameters as solar ...
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Article
Solar Cycle in the Heliosphere and Cosmic Rays
Manifestations of the 11-year solar cycle and longer time-scale variability in the heliosphere and cosmic rays are considered. We briefly review the cyclic variability of such heliospheric parameters as solar ...
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Article
Space Weather and the Ground-Level Solar Proton Events of the 23rd Solar Cycle
Solar proton events can adversely affect space and ground-based systems. Ground-level events are a subset of solar proton events that have a harder spectrum than average solar proton events and are detectable ...
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Article
The Use of Geophysical Data in Studies of the Historical Solar-Terrestrial Environment
Recent studies of the solar-terrestrial environment for the past 500 years have necessitated the use of a variety of historical databases: nitrates in ice cores, knowledge of large volcanic eruptions, sunspot ...
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Article
A Study of the Frequency of Occurrence of Large-Fluence Solar Proton Events and the Strength of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
It has been shown previously that the number of very-large-fluence solar proton events inferred for the period since 1561 were more frequent at times of low solar activity (e.g., following the recovery from th...
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Article
Magnetospheric Models and Trajectory Computations
The calculation of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetic field has been a subject of interest since the time of Störmer. The fundamental problem is that the trajectory-tracing process involves using ma...
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Article
Fifty Years of Cosmic Radiation Data
Cosmic radiation has been measured by a variety of techniques since 1933. This paper presents the evolution of data acquisition, processing, and availability of cosmic radiation data from the early years to th...
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Article
Cosmic ray Implications for Human Health
There appears to be concern among some people about the possible effects of cosmic radiation on everyday life. The amount of cosmic radiation that reaches the Earth and its environment is a function of solar c...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Cosmic Ray Implications for Human Health
There appears to be concern among some people about the possible effects of cosmic radiation on everyday life. The amount of cosmic radiation that reaches the Earth and its environment is a function of solar c...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Fifty Years of Cosmic Radiation Data
Cosmic radiation has been measured by a variety of techniques since 1933. This paper presents the evolution of data acquisition, processing, and availability of cosmic radiation data from the early years to th...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Magnetospheric Models and Trajectory Computations
The calculation of particle trajectories in the Earth’s magnetic field has been a subject of interest since the time of Störmer. The fundamental problem is that the trajectory-tracing process involves using ma...
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Article
Overview of the effects of solar-terrestrial phenomena on man and his environment
The effect of solar-terrestrial phenomena on our environment is a rapidly develo** science. An overview of this subject is presented including known technological effects, possible effects on ozone depletion...
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Article
Solar cosmic rays
This report is a brief overview of the energetic-particle phenomena related to solar activity discussed at the XXIV International Cosmic-Ray Conference. In the rapporteur's opinion, the most significant result...
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Article
Neutron and electromagnetic emissions during the 1990 May 24 solar flare
In this paper, we are primarily concerned with the solar neutron emission during the 1990 May 24 flare, utilizing the counting rate of the Climax neutron monitor and the time profiles of hard X-rays and γ-rays...
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Article
Electromagnetic and corpuscular emission from the solar flare of 1991 June 15: Continuous acceleraton of relativistic particles
Data on X-,γ-ray, optical and radio emission from the 1991 June 15 solar flare are considered. We have calculated the spectrum of protons that producesγ-rays during the gradual phase of the flare. The primary pro...
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Chapter
History of Energetic Solar Protons for the Past Three Solar Cycles Including Cycle 22 Update
Solar proton events have been recorded at the earth since 1942 although the detection techniques varied considerably over the past 50 years. From 1942 to 1957 the identification of solar proton events was limi...
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Chapter
Predicting and Modeling Solar Flare Generated Proton Fluxes in the Inner Heliosphere
Solar energetic particles are assumed to be accelerated above the solar active regions from the available coronal material. The composition of “large” solar particle events is consistent with an ion selection ...
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Article
On cosmic-ray cut-off terminology
The study of cosmic-ray access to locations within the geomagnetic field has evolved over the past fifty years. Cosmic-ray cut-off terminology, originally developed to describe particle access and cut-off rigi...
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Article
A summary of major solar proton events
Solar proton events have been routinely detected by satellites since the 20th solar cycle; however, before that time only very major proton events were detected at the Earth. Even though the detection threshol...
