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  1. Article

    Open Access

    Interchange reconnection as the source of the fast solar wind within coronal holes

    The fast solar wind that fills the heliosphere originates from deep within regions of open magnetic field on the Sun called ‘coronal holes’. The energy source responsible for accelerating the plasma is widely ...

    S. D. Bale, J. F. Drake, M. D. McManus, M. I. Desai, S. T. Badman, D. E. Larson… in Nature (2023)

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  2. No Access

    Article

    Particle Detector (PD) Experiment of the Korea Space Environment Monitor (KSEM) Aboard Geostationary Satellite GK2A

    The Particle Detector (PD) experiment aboard the geostationary satellite GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK2A) measures populations of electrons and positive ions in the Earth’s geostationary orbit at a geographic longitude of 1...

    J. Seon, K.-S. Chae, G. W. Na, H.-K. Seo, Y.-C. Shin, J. Woo… in Space Science Reviews (2020)

  3. No Access

    Article

    Alfvénic velocity spikes and rotational flows in the near-Sun solar wind

    The prediction of a supersonic solar wind1 was first confirmed by spacecraft near Earth2,3 and later by spacecraft at heliocentric distances as small as 62 solar radii4. These missions showed that plasma accelera...

    J. C. Kasper, S. D. Bale, J. W. Belcher, M. Berthomier, A. W. Case… in Nature (2019)

  4. No Access

    Article

    Highly structured slow solar wind emerging from an equatorial coronal hole

    During the solar minimum, when the Sun is at its least active, the solar wind1,2 is observed at high latitudes as a predominantly fast (more than 500 kilometres per second), highly Alfvénic rarefied stream of pla...

    S. D. Bale, S. T. Badman, J. W. Bonnell, T. A. Bowen, D. Burgess, A. W. Case… in Nature (2019)

  5. Article

    Open Access

    The IMPACT Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA): Reconstruction of the SWEA Transmission Function by Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis

    The IMPACT SWEA instruments on board the twin STEREO spacecraft detect the solar wind electrons with energies between 1 and 2000 eV. The instruments provide 3-dimensional velocity distributions, pitch angle di...

    A. Fedorov, A. Opitz, J.-A. Sauvaud, J. G. Luhmann, D. W. Curtis… in Space Science Reviews (2011)

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  6. Article

    Open Access

    Temporal Evolution of the Solar-Wind Electron Core Density at Solar Minimum by Correlating SWEA Measurements from STEREO A and B

    The twin STEREO spacecraft provide a unique tool to study the temporal evolution of the solar-wind properties in the ecliptic since their longitudinal separation increases with time. We derive the characterist...

    A. Opitz, J.-A. Sauvaud, A. Fedorov, P. Wurz, J. G. Luhmann, B. Lavraud… in Solar Physics (2010)

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  7. No Access

    Article

    The Apparent Layered Structure of the Heliospheric Current Sheet: Multi-Spacecraft Observations

    Multiple current sheet crossings are ubiquitous features of the solar wind associated with high-beta plasma sheets, notably during the passage of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). As the HCS is being conve...

    C. Foullon, B. Lavraud, N. C. Wardle, C. J. Owen, H. Kucharek… in Solar Physics (2009)

  8. No Access

    Article

    Observation of a Complex Solar Wind Reconnection Exhaust from Spacecraft Separated by over 1800 R E

    We analyze Wind, ACE, and STEREO (ST-A and ST-B) plasma and magnetic field data in the vicinity of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossed by all spacecraft between 22:15 UT on 31 March and 01:25 UT on 1 Apr...

    B. Lavraud, J. T. Gosling, A. P. Rouillard, A. Fedorov, A. Opitz… in Solar Physics (2009)

  9. Article

    Open Access

    STEREO IMPACT Investigation Goals, Measurements, and Data Products Overview

    The IMPACT (In situ Measurements of Particles And CME Transients) investigation on the STEREO mission was designed and developed to provide multipoint solar wind and suprathermal electron, interplanetary magn...

    J. G. Luhmann, D. W. Curtis, P. Schroeder, J. McCauley, R. P. Lin… in Space Science Reviews (2008)

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  10. No Access

    Article

    The STEREO IMPACT Suprathermal Electron (STE) Instrument

    The Suprathermal Electron (STE) instrument, part of the IMPACT investigation on both spacecraft of NASA’s STEREO mission, is designed to measure electrons from ∼2 to ∼100 keV. This is the primary energy range ...

    R. P. Lin, D. W. Curtis, D. E. Larson, J. G. Luhmann… in Space Science Reviews (2008)

  11. No Access

    Chapter

    The STEREO IMPACT Suprathermal Electron (STE) Instrument

    The Suprathermal Electron (STE) instrument, part of the IMPACT investigation on both spacecraft of NASA’s STEREO mission, is designed to measure electrons from ∼2 to ∼100 keV. This is the primary energy range ...

    R. P. Lin, D. W. Curtis, D. E. Larson, J. G. Luhmann, S. E. McBride… in The STEREO Mission (2008)

  12. No Access

    Chapter

    STEREO IMPACT Investigation Goals, Measurements, and Data Products Overview

    The IMPACT (In situ Measurements of Particles And CME Transients) investigation on the STEREO mission was designed and developed to provide multipoint solar wind and suprathermal electron, interplanetary magne...

    J. G. Luhmann, D. W. Curtis, P. Schroeder, J. McCauley, R. P. Lin… in The STEREO Mission (2008)

  13. No Access

    Chapter

    Crossing the Heliospheric Current Sheet

    The heliospheric current sheet (HCS), the largest coherent structure in the heliosphere, is a wavy surface separating the two opposite magnetic polarity hemispheres of the heliosphere. Joint WIND magnetic fiel...

    Adam Szabo, R. P. Lep**, D. E. Larson in Interball in the ISTP Program (1999)

  14. No Access

    Article

    Reaction Sequences in Simulated Neutralized Current Acid Waste Slurry During Processing with Formic Acid

    The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) is being designed for the Department of Energy to immobilize high-level and transuranic wastes as glass for permanent disposal. Pacific Northwest Laboratory is supp...

    H. D. Smith, K. D. Wiemers, M. H. Langowski, M. R. Powell… in MRS Online Proceedings Library (1993)

  15. No Access

    Article

    Negative ions in the coma of comet Halley

    IN March 1986, the Giotto spacecraft encountered comet Halley, approaching to within ∼600 km of the nucleus. Results from this encounter have shown that the inner coma contains a mixture of cometary neutral ga...

    P. Chaizy, H. Rème, J. A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, R. P. Lin, D. E. Larson… in Nature (1991)

  16. No Access

    Article

    Partial replacement of chromium in stainless steel

    The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, conducted research on the partial replacement of chromium in stainless steel. The alloys examined contain 8 to 9 pct Cr, 11 to 14 pct Ni, and additions of ...

    M. L. Glenn, S. J. Bullard, D. E. Larson… in Journal of Materials for Energy Systems (1985)

  17. No Access

    Chapter

    Calculated Hydrogeologic Pressures and Temperatures Resulting from Radioactive Waste in the Eleana Argillite

    The SHAFT 78 code (multi-dimensional, two fluid phases, porous medium) has been used to begin assessment of the consequences of nuclear waste burial in a 1000 acre repository emplaced in argillite. The reposit...

    R. R. Eaton, W. D. Sundberg, D. E. Larson… in Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Managem… (1980)