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Article
Open AccessDown Syndrome: how to communicate the diagnosis
Communicating the diagnosis of Down Syndrome to a couple of parents is never easy, whether before or after birth. As doctors, we must certainly rely on our own relational skills, but it is also necessary to be...
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Article
Open AccessA reassessment of Jackson’s checklist and identification of two Down syndrome sub-phenotypes
Down syndrome (DS) is characterised by several clinical features including intellectual disability (ID) and craniofacial dysmorphisms. In 1976, Jackson and coll. identified a checklist of signs for clinical di...
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Article
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen is related with a limited HIV-1 V3 loop evolution in clinical practice
Integrase-strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are known to rapidly reduce HIV-1 plasma viral load, replication cycles, and new viral integrations, thus potentially limiting viral evolution. Here, we assessed t...
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Article
Open AccessHIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon
With the phase-out of stavudine (d4T), change to first-line regimens with zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF) in resource-limited settings (RLS) might increase risks of cross-resistance to nucleos(t) ide rever...
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Article
Open AccessGenetic divergence of HIV-1 B subtype in Italy over the years 2003–2016 and impact on CTL escape prevalence
HIV-1 is characterized by high genetic variability, with implications for spread, and immune-escape selection. Here, the genetic modification of HIV-1 B subtype over time was evaluated on 3,328 pol and 1,152 V3 s...
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Article
Open AccessAnalysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes: potential implications for the metabolism of HIV drugs
Drug metabolism via the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system has emerged as an important determinant in the occurrence of several drug interactions (adverse drug reactions, reduced pharmacological effect, drug toxi...
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Article
Open AccessCharacterization of the patterns of drug-resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients naïve to the antiretroviral drugs
The transmission of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in drug naive patients may seriously compromise the efficacy of a first-line antiretroviral treatment. To better define this problem, a study in a cohort of new...
