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Open AccessDynamic pressure variations in the lower crust caused by localized fluid-induced weakening
Metamorphism of dry, lower crust within orogens is often localized in shear zones composed of mechanically weaker rocks1–4. Several field-based studies suggest shear zone development is preceded by brittle faults...
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Open AccessLower crustal earthquake associated with highly pressurized frictional melts
Earthquakes at lower crustal depths are common during continental collision. However, the coseismic weakening mechanisms required to propagate an earthquake at high pressures are poorly understood. Transient h...
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Zircon and quartz inclusions in garnet used for complementary Raman thermobarometry: application to the Holsnøy eclogite, Bergen Arcs, Western Norway
Mineral inclusions are common and have been widely used to investigate complex geological history. When a rock undergoes cooling and decompression after the entrapment of an inclusion into a host mineral, resi...
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Publisher Correction: Fluid-driven metamorphism of the continental crust governed by nanoscale fluid flow
In this Article, owing to a technical error, the Greek letter μ is missing from the scale bar measurements given in the caption for Fig. 2b-e; they appear as ‘50 m (b); 20 m (c); 1 m (d); 1 m (e)’, but should ...
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Open AccessHigh Pressure Metamorphism Caused by Fluid Induced Weakening of Deep Continental Crust
Studies of mineral equilibria in metamorphic rocks have given valuable insights into the tectonic processes operating at convergent plate margins during an orogeny. Geodynamic models simulating orogenesis and ...
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Earthquake-induced transformation of the lower crust
The structural and metamorphic evolution of the lower crust has direct effects on the lithospheric response to plate tectonic processes involved in orogeny, including subsidence of sedimentary basins, stabilit...
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Fluid-driven metamorphism of the continental crust governed by nanoscale fluid flow
The transport of fluids through the Earth’s crust controls the redistribution of elements to form mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, the release and sequestration of greenhouse gases, and facilitates metamorphi...
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Transfer of olivine crystallographic orientation through a cycle of serpentinisation and dehydration
Our ability to decipher the mechanisms behind metamorphic transformation processes depends in a major way on the extent to which crystallographic and microstructural information is transferred from one stage t...
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A Precambrian microcontinent in the Indian Ocean
Ridges of thick, raised crust on the Indian Ocean floor were thought to be mostly volcanic seamounts formed above the Réunion mantle plume. Dating of zircon minerals in Mauritian lavas, however, indicates that...
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Article
Reaction induced fracturing during replacement processes
Replacement processes are common transformation mechanisms in minerals and rocks at a variety of conditions and scales. The underlying mechanisms are, in general, poorly understood, but both mechanical and che...
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Article
Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming
A 200,000-yr interval of extreme global warming marked the start of the Eocene epoch about 55 million years ago. Negative carbon- and oxygen-isotope excursions in marine and terrestrial sediments show that thi...
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Seep carbonate formation controlled by hydrothermal vent complexes: a case study from the Vøring Basin, the Norwegian Sea
Several hundred hydrothermal vent complexes were formed in the Vøring Basin as a consequence of magmatic sill emplacement in the late Palaeocene. The 6607/12-1 exploration well was drilled through a 220-m-thic...
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Analytical transmission electron microscopy of oscillatory zoned grandite garnets
Oscillatory zoned grandite garnets from skarns of the Oslo rift region (southern Norway) have been studied using analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). Our results show lamellae with a width varyi...
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Accelerated hydration of the Earth's deep crust induced by stress perturbations
The metamorphic cycle associated with the formation of mountain belts produces a lower crust containing little or no free fluid1,2. The introduction of external fluids to dry and impermeable volumes of the Earth'...
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Growth, Dissolution and Pattern Formation in Geosystems
Growth and dissolution processes are of fundamental importance in any geological system, and they occur both near and far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. Familiar examples include the relatively slow grow...
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Crystal Growth and Intracrystalline Zonation Patterns in Hydrothermal Environments
Fluid flow through porous or fractured rocks is commonly associated with mineral growth and dissolution processes along the flow path. Precipitation of ore minerals from hydrothermal fluids is responsible for ...
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Book
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Chapter
Flow and Transport During Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Activity: Examples from the Oslo Rift
Emplacement of a magma into a relatively colder environment leads to contact metamorphism and almost invariably to flow of fluids and associated advective transport. The fluids may be derived from the cooling ...
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Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks: An Overview
The geological sciences have become increasingly process-orientated. Our understanding of physical and chemical processes within more or less inaccessible parts of the earth has evolved from guesswork to the d...
